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Úlcera por pressão

Last reviewed: 16 Aug 2025
Last updated: 03 Aug 2021

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • uso de superfície de apoio que não oferece alívio da pressão
  • alterações de pele localizadas em áreas sujeitas a pressão
  • ferida superficial aberta ou perda de tecido em áreas sujeitas a pressão
  • ferida com espessura total em áreas sujeitas a pressão, com ou sem descolamento (tunelização)
  • ferida com espessura total, com envolvimento de tecidos importantes, em áreas sujeitas a pressão, com ou sem descolamento (tunelização)
  • dor localizada e aumento da temperatura na área em torno da ferida
  • aumento do exsudato e/ou odor fétido
Full details

Risk factors

  • imobilidade
  • deficiência sensorial
  • idade avançada
  • cirurgia
  • internação em unidade de terapia intensiva
  • desnutrição
  • história prévia de úlcera por pressão
  • fatores ambientais
  • incontinência fecal ou urinária
  • diabetes
  • doença vascular periférica
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • diagnóstico clínico
Full details

Tests to consider

  • swab de ferida
  • Velocidade de hemossedimentação (VHS)
  • leucócitos
  • glicose sérica
  • biópsia de tecido profundo
  • RNM
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

todos os pacientes

Contributors

Authors

Dan R. Berlowitz, MD

Professor; Department of Public Health

University of Massachusetts-Lowell

Lowell

MA

Disclosures

DRB declares that he has no competing interests. DRB is the author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Acknowledgements

Dr Dan R. Berlowitz would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Madhuri Reddy and Dr Stephen Thomas, the previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

MR is the author of a number of references cited in this topic. ST declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Jane Deng, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA

Los Angeles

CA

Disclosures

JD declares that she has no competing interests.

Keith Harding, FRCGP, FRCP, FRCS

Sub Dean of Innovation & Engagement

Head of Section of Wound Healing

School of Medicine

Cardiff University

Cardiff

UK

Disclosures

KH has worked in the area of wound healing for many years and has helped establish and sustain a section of wound healing in a university medical school. The school is entirely self-funded and receives funding from a wide range of commercial concerns in addition to the NHS and grant-giving bodies. The funding is provided to the University rather than to KH personally, and this funding is used to provide sustainability for a wide range of individuals employed within this section.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Qaseem A, Humphrey LL, Forciea MA, et al; Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Treatment of pressure ulcers: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Mar 3;162(5):370-9.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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