小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- presença de fatores de risco
- uso de superfície de apoio que não oferece alívio da pressão
- alterações de pele localizadas em áreas sujeitas a pressão
- ferida superficial aberta ou perda de tecido em áreas sujeitas a pressão
- ferida com espessura total em áreas sujeitas a pressão, com ou sem descolamento (tunelização)
- ferida com espessura total, com envolvimento de tecidos importantes, em áreas sujeitas a pressão, com ou sem descolamento (tunelização)
- dor localizada e aumento da temperatura na área em torno da ferida
- aumento do exsudato e/ou odor fétido
危险因素
- imobilidade
- deficiência sensorial
- idade avançada
- cirurgia
- internação em unidade de terapia intensiva
- desnutrição
- história prévia de úlcera por pressão
- fatores ambientais
- incontinência fecal ou urinária
- diabetes
- doença vascular periférica
诊断性检查
首要检查
- diagnóstico clínico
需考虑的检查
- swab de ferida
- Velocidade de hemossedimentação (VHS)
- leucócitos
- glicose sérica
- biópsia de tecido profundo
- RNM
治疗流程
todos os pacientes
撰稿人
作者
Dan R. Berlowitz, MD
Professor; Department of Public Health
University of Massachusetts-Lowell
Lowell
MA
利益声明
DRB declares that he has no competing interests. DRB is the author of a number of references cited in this topic.
鸣谢
Dr Dan R. Berlowitz would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Madhuri Reddy and Dr Stephen Thomas, the previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
MR is the author of a number of references cited in this topic. ST declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Jane Deng, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles
CA
利益声明
JD declares that she has no competing interests.
Keith Harding, FRCGP, FRCP, FRCS
Sub Dean of Innovation & Engagement
Head of Section of Wound Healing
School of Medicine
Cardiff University
Cardiff
UK
利益声明
KH has worked in the area of wound healing for many years and has helped establish and sustain a section of wound healing in a university medical school. The school is entirely self-funded and receives funding from a wide range of commercial concerns in addition to the NHS and grant-giving bodies. The funding is provided to the University rather than to KH personally, and this funding is used to provide sustainability for a wide range of individuals employed within this section.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
参考文献
关键文献
Qaseem A, Humphrey LL, Forciea MA, et al; Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Treatment of pressure ulcers: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Mar 3;162(5):370-9.全文 摘要
参考文献
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
鉴别诊断
- Dermatite associada à umidade
- Úlceras venosas
- Úlceras arteriais
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- Prevention and management of pressure ulcers
- Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers/injuries: clinical practice guideline
更多 指南患者教育信息
Úlceras de pressão
更多 患者教育信息医学计算器
Escala de Norton para a estratificação do risco de ferida por pressão
更多 医学计算器登录或订阅即可浏览 BMJ Best Practice 临床实践完整内容
内容使用需遵循免责声明