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Reações cutâneas comuns a medicamento

Last reviewed: 20 Aug 2025
Last updated: 22 Nov 2024

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • história de exposição a medicamentos
  • lesões cutâneas
  • reações cutâneas variáveis em 5 a 15 minutos após a exposição ao medicamento
  • reações cutâneas variáveis dentro de algumas horas após a exposição ao medicamento
  • reações cutâneas variáveis dentro de 2 semanas após a exposição ao medicamento
  • reações cutâneas variáveis dentro de meses a anos após a exposição ao medicamento
  • exposição prévia e reação ao medicamento
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • prurido
  • características não cutâneas associadas
  • dor
Full details

Risk factors

  • infecções por vírus
  • Infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)
  • polimorfismo HLA-B*5701
  • polimorfismo HLA-B*1502
  • polimorfismo HLA-B*5801
  • sexo feminino
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

Investigations to consider

  • concentração de medicamentos no sangue (sangue total, plasma, soro)
  • concentração de triptase no soro (anafilaxia)
  • ensaio de via do complemento
  • histologia da biópsia das lesões
  • hemograma completo e diferencial
  • anticorpos anti-histona para ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) de fita simples (síndrome semelhante a lúpus)
  • testes cutâneos (testes de punção, intradérmicos, de contato)
Full details

Emerging tests

  • imunoglobulina E (IgE) específica a medicamento
  • teste de ativação de basófilos
  • ensaio da proliferação linfocitária (EPL)
  • ensaio de immunospot ligado a enzimas (teste ELISPOT)

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

reações cutâneas adversas graves

reações cutâneas adversas sem gravidade

ONGOING

após um episódio agudo

Contributors

Authors

Michael Ardern-Jones, BSc, MBBS, DPhil, FRCP

Associate Professor

Consultant Dermatologist

Faculty of Medicine

University of Southampton

Southampton

UK

Disclosures

MA-J declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Michael Ardern-Jones would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Wei Yann Haw, Dr Anne Holbrook, Dr Hermenio Lima, and Dr Jeffrey K. Aronson, the previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

WYH, AH and HL declare that they have no competing interests. JKA is editor of Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs and its annual companion volumes, the Side Effects of Drugs Annuals.

Peer reviewers

Shahbaz A. Janjua, MD

Specialist Dermatologist

Ayza Skin & Research Center

Lalamusa

Pakistan

Disclosures

SAJ declares that he has no competing interests.

Craig K. Svensson, Pharm.D, PhD

Dean

College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Health Sciences

Purdue University

West Lafayette

IN

Disclosures

CKS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Aronson JK, Ferner RE. Joining the DoTS: new approach to classifying adverse drug reactions. BMJ. 2003 Nov 22;327(7425):1222-5. Abstract

Gell PG, Coombs RRA, eds. Clinical aspects of immunology. 1st ed. Oxford: Blackwell; 1963.

Bigby M, Jick S, Jick H, et al. Drug-induced cutaneous reactions: a report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program on 15,438 consecutive inpatients, 1975 to 1982. JAMA. 1986 Dec 26;256(24):3358-63. Abstract

Kuokkanen K. Drug eruptions: a series of 464 cases in the Department of Dermatology, University of Turku, Finland, during 1966-1970. Acta Allergol. 1972 Dec;27(5):407-38. Abstract

Aronson JK, Ferner RE. Clarification of terminology in drug safety. Drug Saf. 2005;28(10):851-70. Abstract

Khan DA, Banerji A, Blumenthal KG, et al. Drug allergy: a 2022 practice parameter update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022 Dec;150(6):1333-93.Full text

Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM, et al. A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981 Aug;30(2):239-45. Abstract

Hill AB. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proc R Soc Med. 1965 Jan;58(1):295-300.Full text  Abstract

Howick J, Glasziou P, Aronson JK. The evolution of evidence hierarchies: what can Bradford Hill's 'guidelines for causation' contribute? J R Soc Med. 2009 May;102(5):186-94.Full text  Abstract

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Drug allergy: diagnosis and management. September 2014 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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