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Osteomielite

Última revisión: 19 Mar 2025
Última actualización: 04 Feb 2025

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • dor inespecífica no local da infecção
  • dorsalgia
  • mal-estar e fadiga
  • inflamação local, eritema ou edema
  • febre baixa
  • presença de fatores de risco
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • drenagem da ferida e/ou do trato sinusal
  • amplitude de movimento reduzida
  • sensação reduzida
  • sintomas do trato urinário
  • torcicolo
  • deformidade dos membros
  • sensibilidade à percussão
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • osteomielite prévia
  • lesões penetrantes
  • contaminação cirúrgica
  • infecções distantes ou locais
  • uso indevido de substâncias por via intravenosa
  • diabetes mellitus
  • periodontite
  • imunocomprometimento
  • anemia falciforme
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • contagem leucocitária
  • velocidade de hemossedimentação
  • proteína C-reativa
  • radiografia simples da área afetada
  • hemocultura
  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) do osso
  • biópsia dos ossos guiada ou biópsia dos ossos aberta
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • ultrassonografia
  • Tomografia computadorizada (TC)
  • cintilografia com radionuclídeos
  • cintilografia óssea trifásica
  • histologia
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Inicial

suspeita de osteomielite periférica aguda: baixa prevalência de MRSA

suspeita de osteomielite periférica aguda: alta prevalência de MRSA

suspeita de osteomielite vertebral nativa aguda

suspeita de osteomielite aguda em pé diabético

Agudo

osteomielite periférica aguda confirmada: adultos e crianças

osteomielite vertebral nativa aguda confirmada: adultos e crianças

osteomielite aguda confirmada no pé diabético: adultos e crianças

En curso

osteomielite crônica

Colaboradores

Autores

Tessa Gomez, MD

Attending, Department of Medicine

Division of Infectious Diseases, Mount Sinai Beth Israel

Associate Professor, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

New York

NY

Divulgaciones

TG declares that she has no competing interests.

Agradecimientos

Dr Tessa Gomez would like to gratefully acknowledge Mr Adrian Kendal, Dr Jamie Ferguson, Dr Tse Hua Nicholas Wong, Dr Bridget L. Atkins, Dr Martin McNally, Dr Jason H. Calhoun, Dr Nalini Rao, and Dr M.M. Manring, previous contributors to this topic.

Divulgaciones

JF received a research grant in 2013 from Bonesupport AB, Lund, Sweden to collect data for a study on antibiotic carriers in osteomyelitis treatment. JF is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. BLA is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. MM is an executive board member of the European Bone & Joint Infection Society and the Girdlestone Orthopaedic Society. He has performed consultancy work for Bonesupport AB and the Oxford Bone Infection Consultancy. He has received travel expenses from Bonesupport AB and the AO Foundation to attend scientific conferences and symposia. He has received royalties from Oxford University Press for contributions to textbooks. MM is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. AK, THNW, JHC, NR, and MMM declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores por pares

Kristine Johnson, MD

Assistant Professor

Infectious Diseases

Bayview Medical Center

Baltimore

MD

Divulgaciones

KJ declares that she has no competing interests.

Silvano Esposito, MD

Associate Professor

Department of Infectious Diseases

University of Naples

Naples

Italy

Disclosures

SE has been reimbursed for attending several conferences and received fees for speaking and running educational programs by Pfizer, Novartis, Wyeth Lederle, Sanofi Aventis, and GSK.

Edward Pesanti, MD

Professor of Medicine

Infectious Diseases Division

University of Connecticut Health Center

Hartford

CT

Disclosures

EP declares that he has no competing interests.

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