Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- diarreia
- eructação frequente
Other diagnostic factors
- distensão e desconforto abdominais
- mal-estar
- perda de peso
- náuseas e vômitos
Risk factors
- água/alimento contaminado
- animais domésticos vivendo dentro ou ao redor de casa
- hipogamaglobulinemia
- pouca idade
- sexo masculino
- frequência a creches
- contato sexual oral-anal
- uso recente de antibióticos
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- teste de anticorpo fluorescente direto (AFD)
- ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimática
- teste de amplificação de ácido nucleico, reação em cadeia da polimerase da amostra fecal
- microscopia das fezes
- Hemograma completo
Tests to consider
- Imunoensaio de fluxo lateral (por exemplo, ImmunoCard STAT!)
- aspirados e biópsias duodenais
- teste do barbante (enteroteste)
Treatment algorithm
adulto não gestante ou criança
gestante, primeiro trimestre
gestantes, segundo ou terceiro trimestre
fracasso ou resistência ao tratamento
Contributors
Authors
Luther A. Bartelt, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
Chapel Hill
NC
Disclosures
LAB is reimbursed by UpToDate for authorship. LAB has received funding from the National Institutes of Health. LAB is the author of two articles cited in this topic.
Acknowledgements
Dr Luther Bartelt would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Fida Khan and Dr Musaddiq Waheed, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
FK and MW declared that they had no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Zana Nikolla, MD
Faculty of Medicine
University of Tirana
Tirana
Albania
Disclosures
ZN declares that she has no competing interests.
Rodney Adam, MD
Professor of Medicine and Immunobiology
University of Arizona
Tucson
AZ
Disclosures
RA declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections & diseases - giardiasis. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Giardia: about Giardia infections. May 2024 [internet publication].Full text
Shane AL, Mody RK, Crump JA, et al. 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of infectious diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 29;65(12):e45-80.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Gastroenterite por rotavírus ou outras gastroenterites virais
- Diarreia funcional
- Doença celíaca
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- CDC Yellow Book: health information for international travel - giardiasis
- Infectious diarrhea: guideline for investigation
More GuidelinesPatient information
Diarreia em adultos
More Patient information
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