Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- comprometimento do estado mental
- torpor, fala indistinta, ataxia
- coma
- depressão respiratória
Other diagnostic factors
- redução dos reflexos tendinosos profundos
- nistagmo
- estimulação paradoxal
Risk factors
- depressão
- história de drogas ilícitas ou consumo de bebidas alcoólicas
- comorbidade
- história de uso de benzodiazepínicos (BZDs)
- história de ingestão de vários medicamentos ou de substâncias desconhecidas
- comportamento ou ideação suicida
- idade avançada
- interação medicamentosa
- suscetibilidade biogenética
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- oximetria de pulso
- Hemograma completo
- perfil bioquímico sérico com glicose sanguínea
- concentração plasmática de paracetamol
- etanol sérico
- exame toxicológico da urina
- eletrocardiograma (ECG)
Treatment algorithm
todos os pacientes
Contributors
Authors
Paul M. Gahlinger, MD, PhD, MPH

General Practitioner
Occupational Medicine
Saint Agnes Medical Center
Fresno
CA
Disclosures
PMG declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Linda Peng, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
HMC Improving Addiction Care Team (IMPACT) Lead
Oregon Health & Science University
Portland
OR
Disclosures
LP declares that she has no competing interests.
Kenneth Katz, MD, FACMT, FAAEM, FACEP
Emergency Medicine Physician
Lehigh Valley Physician Group
Allentown
PA
Disclosures
KK declares that he has no competing interests.
Ruben Thanacoody, MD, FRCP (Edin)
Consultant Physician/Honorary Senior Lecturer
Regional Drugs and Therapeutics Centre
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
UK
Disclosures
RT declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Lavonas EJ, Akpunonu PD, Arens AM, et al. 2023 American Heart Association focused update on the management of patients with cardiac arrest or life-threatening toxicity due to poisoning: an update to the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2023 Oct 17;148(16):e149-84.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Superdosagem de bebidas alcoólicas ou de medicamentos sedativos ou hipnóticos
- Hipoglicemia
- Hiponatremia
More DifferentialsDiretrizes
- Self-harm: assessment, management and preventing recurrence
- Guidance on appropriate prescribing of benzodiazepines and z-drugs (BZRA) in the treatment of anxiety and insomnia
More DiretrizesFolhetos informativos para os pacientes
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