Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- dispneia ao esforço
- tolerância reduzida ao exercício
- edema nos membros inferiores
- sopro holossistólico
Other diagnostic factors
- fadiga
- ponto de impulso máximo deslocado
- ortopneia
- dispneia paroxística noturna
- palpitações
- diaforese
- fechamento pulmonar mais alto que o aórtico
- bulha cardíaca B3
- bulha cardíaca B1 diminuída
Risk factors
- prolapso da valva mitral
- história de doença reumática cardíaca
- endocardite infecciosa
- história de trauma cardíaco
- história de infarto do miocárdio
- história de cardiopatia congênita
- história de cardiopatia isquêmica
- disfunção sistólica ventricular esquerda
- cardiomiopatia hipertrófica
- medicamentos anorexígenos/dopaminérgicos
- pressão arterial sistólica elevada
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- ecocardiografia transtorácica
- eletrocardiograma (ECG)
Tests to consider
- método de convergência de fluxo ou área da superfície de isovelocidade proximal
- dopplerfluxometria colorida
- ecocardiograma transesofágico
- cateterismo cardíaco
- ressonância nuclear magnética cardíaca (RNMC)
Treatment algorithm
RM aguda grave
RM primária grave crônica: assintomática
RM primária crônica: sintomática
RM secundária grave crônica
Contributors
Authors
Prakash P. Punjabi, FRCS, FESC, MS, MCh, FCCP, FFSTEd, Diplomate NBE
Professor
National Heart and Lung Institute
Imperial College London
Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Hammersmith Hospital
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
London
UK
Disclosures
PPP is an author of references cited in this topic. PPP declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Prakash P. Punjabi would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Samir Kapadia and Dr Mehdi H. Shishehbor, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
SK and MHS declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Matthew Czarny, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore
MD
Disclosures
MC is a paid consultant to Medtronic and receives research grants to the institution as a site principal investigator for clinical trials for Medtronic, MedAlliance, and Abbott and a sub-investigator for clinical trials for Edwards Lifesciences. All of these companies manufacture devices used in the transcatheter treatment of structural heart and/or coronary artery disease.
References
Key articles
De Bonis M, Al-Attar N, Antunes M, et al. Surgical and interventional management of mitral valve regurgitation: a position statement from the European Society of Cardiology Working Groups on Cardiovascular Surgery and Valvular Heart Disease. Eur Heart J. 2016 Jan 7;37(2):133-9.Full text Abstract
Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021 Feb 2;143(5):e72-227.Full text Abstract
Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2022 Feb 12;43(7):561-632.Full text Abstract
Bonow RO, O'Gara PT, Adams DH, et al. 2020 focused update of the 2017 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on the management of mitral regurgitation: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 May 5;75(17):2236-70.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA)
- Endocardite infecciosa
- Estenose mitral
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis
- 2021 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease
More GuidelinesVideos
Regurgitação mitral (grave)
Galope de terceira bulha cardíaca
More videosLog in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer