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Regurgitação mitral

Last reviewed: 19 Jun 2025
Last updated: 24 Jan 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • dispneia ao esforço
  • tolerância reduzida ao exercício
  • edema nos membros inferiores
  • sopro holossistólico
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • fadiga
  • ponto de impulso máximo deslocado
  • ortopneia
  • dispneia paroxística noturna
  • palpitações
  • diaforese
  • fechamento pulmonar mais alto que o aórtico
  • bulha cardíaca B3
  • bulha cardíaca B1 diminuída
Full details

Risk factors

  • prolapso da valva mitral
  • história de doença reumática cardíaca
  • endocardite infecciosa
  • história de trauma cardíaco
  • história de infarto do miocárdio
  • história de cardiopatia congênita
  • história de cardiopatia isquêmica
  • disfunção sistólica ventricular esquerda
  • cardiomiopatia hipertrófica
  • medicamentos anorexígenos/dopaminérgicos
  • pressão arterial sistólica elevada
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • ecocardiografia transtorácica
  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
Full details

Tests to consider

  • método de convergência de fluxo ou área da superfície de isovelocidade proximal
  • dopplerfluxometria colorida
  • ecocardiograma transesofágico
  • cateterismo cardíaco
  • ressonância nuclear magnética cardíaca (RNMC)
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

RM aguda grave

ONGOING

RM primária grave crônica: assintomática

RM primária crônica: sintomática

RM secundária grave crônica

Contributors

Authors

Prakash P. Punjabi, FRCS, FESC, MS, MCh, FCCP, FFSTEd, Diplomate NBE

Professor

National Heart and Lung Institute

Imperial College London

Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Hammersmith Hospital

Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

London

UK

Disclosures

PPP is an author of references cited in this topic. PPP declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Prakash P. Punjabi would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Samir Kapadia and Dr Mehdi H. Shishehbor, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

SK and MHS declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Matthew Czarny, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Baltimore

MD

Disclosures

MC is a paid consultant to Medtronic and receives research grants to the institution as a site principal investigator for clinical trials for Medtronic, MedAlliance, and Abbott and a sub-investigator for clinical trials for Edwards Lifesciences. All of these companies manufacture devices used in the transcatheter treatment of structural heart and/or coronary artery disease.

References

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Key articles

De Bonis M, Al-Attar N, Antunes M, et al. Surgical and interventional management of mitral valve regurgitation: a position statement from the European Society of Cardiology Working Groups on Cardiovascular Surgery and Valvular Heart Disease. Eur Heart J. 2016 Jan 7;37(2):133-9.Full text  Abstract

Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021 Feb 2;143(5):e72-227.Full text  Abstract

Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2022 Feb 12;43(7):561-632.Full text  Abstract

Bonow RO, O'Gara PT, Adams DH, et al. 2020 focused update of the 2017 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on the management of mitral regurgitation: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 May 5;75(17):2236-70.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Regurgitação mitral images
  • Differentials

    • Síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA)
    • Endocardite infecciosa
    • Estenose mitral
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis
    • 2021 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease
    More Guidelines
  • Videos

    Regurgitação mitral (grave)

    Galope de terceira bulha cardíaca

    More videos
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