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Linfoma de Hodgkin

Last reviewed: 17 Jul 2025
Last updated: 01 Jul 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • linfadenopatia
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • febres não explicadas
  • sudorese noturna
  • perda de peso
  • dispneia
  • tosse
  • dor torácica
  • síndrome da veia cava superior (SVCS)
  • dor abdominal
  • prurido
  • dor induzida por álcool nos locais afetados
  • hepatomegalia e/ou esplenomegalia
  • aumento tonsilar
Full details

Risk factors

  • 20-34 anos e >55 anos de idade
  • história de infecção por vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV)
  • história familiar de linfoma de Hodgkin
  • adultos jovens de classe socioeconômica mais alta
  • tipos de antígeno leucocitário humano (HLA)
  • ascendência judaica
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • Hemograma completo com diferencial
  • perfil metabólico completo
  • velocidade de hemossedimentação (VHS)
  • testes da função tireoidiana
  • rastreamento para HIV, hepatite B, hepatite C
  • radiografia torácica
  • tomografia por emissão de pósitrons/tomografia computadorizada (PET/TC)
  • exame com gálio
  • TC com contraste (pescoço, tórax, abdome, pelve)
  • biópsia excisional de linfonodos ou punção por agulha grossa (core biopsy)
  • estudos imuno-histoquímicos
Full details

Tests to consider

  • biópsia da medula óssea
  • ecocardiograma ou angiografia sincronizada multinuclear (MUGA)
  • testes de função pulmonar
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

LH clássico inicial (estádio I a II): doença favorável e destinado à terapia de modalidade combinada

LH clássico inicial (estádio I a II): doença favorável e destinado à quimioterapia isolada

LH clássico inicial (estádio I a II): doença desfavorável (volumosa ou não volumosa) e destinado à terapia de modalidade combinada

LH clássico inicial (estádio I a II): doença desfavorável (não volumosa) e destinado à quimioterapia isolada

LH clássico inicial (estádio I a II): doença desfavorável (volumosa) e destinado à quimioterapia isolada

LH clássico avançado (estádio III a IV): destinado à terapia de indução padrão (quimioterapia)

LH clássico avançado (estádio III a IV): destinado à terapia de indução padrão (quimioimunoterapia)

LH clássico avançado (estádio III a IV): destinado à quimioterapia de indução intensiva

LHPLN assintomático inicial (estádio IA a IIA), doença não volumosa

LHPLN assintomático inicial (estádio IA a IIA), doença volumosa; e LHPLN sintomático inicial (estádio IB a IIB)

LHPLN avançado (estádio III a IV)

ONGOING

LH clássico refratário ou recidivante

LHPLN refratário ou recidivante

Contributors

Authors

Alison Moskowitz, MD

Associate Attending

Lymphoma Service

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

New York City

NY

Disclosures

AM has received research support from ADC Therapeutics, Beigene, Miragen, Seattle Genetics, Merck, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Incyte, and SecuraBio. AM has received honoraria from Seagen, Affimed, Astra Zeneca, Bio Ascend, Imbrium Therapeutics L.P./Purdue, Janpix Ltd., Merck, Seattle Genetics, Pfizer, Tessa Therapeutics and Takeda.

Acknowledgements

Dr Alison Moskowitz would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Chris R. Kelsey, Dr Leonard R. Prosnitz, and Dr Timothy M. Zagar, the previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

CRK, LRP, and TMZ declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Joachim Yahalom, MD

Radiation Oncologist

Director of Postgraduate Education

Department of Radiation Oncology

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

New York

NY

Disclosures

JY declares that he has no competing interests.

Rebecca Connor, MD

Chief Fellow

Section of Hematology and Oncology

Department of Internal Medicine

Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center

Winston-Salem

NC

Disclosures

RC declares that she has no competing interests.

Kirit Ardeshna, MD, MA (Cantab), MB, BChir, FRCP, FRCPath

Consultant Haematologist

University College London Hospitals

London

UK

Disclosures

KA declares that he has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Eichenauer DA, Aleman BM, André M, et al. Hodgkin lymphoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2018 Oct 1;29(4 suppl):iv19-29.Full text  Abstract

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: Hodgkin lymphoma [internet publication].Full text

Cheson BD, Fisher RI, Barrington SF, et al. Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Sep 20;32(27):3059-68.Full text  Abstract

Follows GA, Barrington SF, Bhuller KS, et al. Guideline for the first-line management of classical Hodgkin lymphoma - a British Society for Haematology guideline. Br J Haematol. 2022 Jun;197(5):558-72.Full text  Abstract

McKay P, Fielding P, Gallop-Evans E, et al. Guidelines for the investigation and management of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2016 Jan;172(1):32-43.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Linfoma de Hodgkin images
  • Differentials

    • Linfoma não Hodgkin (LNH)
    • Linfadenopatia oriunda de outras malignidades
    • Mononucleose infecciosa
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Suspected cancer: recognition and referral
    • NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: Hodgkin lymphoma
    More Guidelines
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