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Estado hiperosmolar hiperglicêmico

Last reviewed: 25 Nov 2025
Last updated: 26 Nov 2025

Summary

Definition

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • estado mental alterado
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • poliúria
  • polidipsia
  • perda de peso
  • fraqueza
  • membranas mucosas ressecadas
  • turgor cutâneo diminuído
  • taquicardia
  • hipotensão
  • convulsões
  • hipotermia
  • choque
  • dor abdominal
  • sinais neurológicos focais
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危险因素

  • infecção
  • insulinoterapia ou tratamento com antidiabéticos orais inadequados
  • doença aguda em paciente com diabetes conhecido
  • residentes de instituições asilares
  • falha em detectar a hiperglicemia
  • estado pós-operatório
  • uso de determinados medicamentos
  • nutrição parenteral total (NPT)
  • Síndrome de Cushing
  • hipertireoidismo
  • acromegalia
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诊断性检查

首要检查

  • nível de glicose plasmática
  • nível de corpos cetônicos séricos ou urinários
  • nível de ureia sérica
  • nível de creatinina sérica
  • nível de sódio sérico
  • nível de potássio sérico
  • nível de cloreto sérico
  • nível de magnésio sérico
  • nível de fosfato sérico
  • osmolalidade sérica
  • cálculo do anion gap
  • nível de lactato sérico
  • gasometria
  • urinálise
  • testes da função hepática
  • Hemograma completo
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需考虑的检查

  • radiografia torácica
  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
  • biomarcadores cardíacos
  • culturas de sangue, urina ou escarro
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治疗流程

急症处理

todos os pacientes

持续性治疗

o estado hiperosmolar hiperglicêmico (EHH) foi resolvido e o paciente passou a tolerar a ingestão oral

撰稿人

作者

Guillermo Umpierrez, MD

Professor of Medicine

Emory University School of Medicine

Atlanta

GA

Disclosures

GU has received research grants from Astra Zeneca, Dexcom, and Bayer. GU is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Daniel Morganstein, MBBS, MA (Cantab), MRCP, PhD

Consultant Diabetologist

Beta Cell Unit

Chelsea and Westminster NHS Trust

London

UK

Disclosures

DM declares that he has no competing interests.

M. Cecilia Lansang, MD

Department of Medicine

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism

Gainesville

University of Florida

FL

Disclosures

MCL has received speaker fees from Sanofi-Aventis and Novo Nordisk, makers of insulin products.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Umpierrez GE, Davis GM, ElSayed NA, et al. Hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report. Diabetologia. 2024 Aug;67(8):1455-79.Full text  Abstract

Mustafa OG, Haq M, Dashora U, et al. Management of hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) in adults: an updated guideline from the Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for inpatient care group. Diabet Med. 2023 Mar;40(3):e15005.Full text  Abstract

Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee, Goguen J, Gilbert J. Hyperglycemic emergencies in adults. Can J Diabetes. 2018 Apr;42(suppl 1):S109-14.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

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