Choque

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Last reviewed: 3 Jan 2026
Last updated: 12 Nov 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • hipotensão
  • taquicardia
  • alterações cutâneas
  • oligúria
  • alterações no estado mental
  • presença de fatores de risco
  • febre
  • dor torácica
  • dispneia
  • hipoxemia
  • hipotermia
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • dor abdominal
  • edema periférico
  • pressão venosa jugular (PVJ) elevada
  • sons cardíacos abafados ou silenciosos
  • arritmia
  • erupção cutânea petequial
  • erupção cutânea urticariforme
  • angioedema
  • sons respiratórios reduzidos em um hemitórax
  • desvio traqueal
  • bexiga distendida
  • paralisia flácida dos membros
Full details

Risk factors

  • idade mais avançada
  • comorbidades
  • infarto do miocárdio
  • cardiomiopatia
  • doença da valva cardíaca
  • arritmias
  • trauma
  • hemorragia digestiva
  • aneurisma roto da aorta abdominal
  • queimaduras/golpe de calor
  • perdas gastrointestinais: diarreia e vômitos
  • pancreatite
  • sepse
  • anafilaxia/intoxicação
  • lesão espinhal ou do tronco encefálico
  • doença endócrina
  • embolia pulmonar
  • tamponamento cardíaco
  • induzido por medicamento
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • lactato (da gasometria arterial)
  • gasometria venosa (VBG) ou gasometria arterial (ABG)
  • glicose
  • hemograma completo
  • ureia e eletrólitos
  • exames de coagulação
  • proteína C-reativa
  • procalcitonina
  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • radiografia torácica
  • urinálise e teste de gravidez na urina
  • rastreamento de infecção
  • ultrassonografia no ponto de atendimento
  • Tomografia computadorizada de tórax, abdome e pelve
  • Angiografia pulmonar por tomografia computadorizada (APTC)
  • radiografia de ossos longos
  • radiografia da coluna
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

todos os pacientes

Contributors

Expert advisers

Alexander Alexiou, MBBS, BSc, DCH, FRCEM, Dip IMC RCSEd

Emergency Medicine Consultant

Barts Health NHS Trust

Physician Response Unit Consultant

London’s Air Ambulance

Royal London Hospital

UK

Disclosures

AA declares that he has no competing interests.

Clovis Rau, MBBS, BSc, FRCEM DipIMC

ST6 Emergency Medicine

Barnet Hospital

Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust

UK

Disclosures

CR declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributor, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:

Samuel J. Stratton MD, MPH

Professor

Fielding School of Public Health

David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA

Los Angeles

Deputy Health Officer

Orange County Health Care Agency

Health Disaster Management/Emergency Medical Services

Santa Ana

CA

Disclosures

SJS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Paul Frost

Reader (clinical)

Centre for Medical Education

School of Medicine

Cardiff University

Honorary Consultant in Intensive Care Medicine

University Hospital of Wales

Cardiff

UK

Disclosures

PF declares that he has no competing interests.

Michael Toolis, MBBS, FCICM, GDipClinUS

Consultant Intensivist

Monash Health

Melbourne

Australia

Disclosures

MT declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Intensive Care Med. 2021 Nov;47(11):1181-247.Full text  Abstract

Cecconi M, De Backer D, Antonelli M, et al. Consensus on circulatory shock and hemodynamic monitoring: task force of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Dec;40(12):1795-815.Full text  Abstract

McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021 Sep 21;42(36):3599-726.Full text  Abstract

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Suspected sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management. Mar 2024 [internet publication].Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Intravenous fluid therapy in adults in hospital. May 2017 [internet publication].Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Major trauma: assessment and initial management. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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  • Guidelines

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