Pancreatite aguda

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Last reviewed: 22 Dec 2025
Last updated: 07 Oct 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • dor na parte superior do abdome
  • náuseas e vômitos
  • sinais de hipovolemia
  • sinais de derrame pleural
  • anorexia
  • presença de fatores de risco
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • sinais de disfunção orgânica
  • dispneia
  • icterícia
  • sinal de Chvostek
  • hematomas equimóticos e descoloração (sinal de Cullen/Grey-Turner/Fox) (raro)
Full details

Risk factors

  • mulheres de meia-idade
  • homens jovens e de meia-idade
  • cálculos biliares
  • bebidas alcoólicas
  • hipertrigliceridemia
  • uso de medicamentos causadores
  • colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE)
  • trauma
  • hipercalcemia
  • parotidite
  • vírus Coxsackie
  • Pneumonia por micoplasma
  • lúpus eritematoso sistêmico
  • Síndrome de Sjögren
  • pancreas divisum
  • câncer de pâncreas
  • disfunção no esfíncter de Oddi
  • história familiar de pancreatite
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • lipase e amilase séricas
  • hemograma completo e diferencial
  • proteína C-reativa
  • ureia/creatinina
  • oximetria de pulso
  • TFHs
  • radiografia torácica
  • ultrassonografia transabdominal
  • cálcio sérico
Full details

Tests to consider

  • triglicerídeos séricos
  • TC abdominal (tomografia computadorizada helicoidal com contraste)
  • ultrassonografia endoscópica (USE)
  • colangiopancreatografia por ressonância magnética (CPRM)
  • gasometria arterial
Full details

Emerging tests

  • tripsinogênio-2 urinário
  • IL-6 e IL-8 séricos
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

todos os pacientes

ONGOING

deteriorando ou não melhorando após 5-7 dias

Contributors

Expert advisers

Alexander Alexiou, MBBS, BSc, DCH, FRCEM, Dip IMC RCSEd

Emergency Medicine Consultant

Barts Health NHS Trust

Physician Response Unit Consultant

London’s Air Ambulance

Royal London Hospital

UK

Disclosures

AA declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributors, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:

Nicholas J. Zyromski, MD

Associate Professor of Surgery

Department of Surgery

Indiana University

Indianapolis

IN

Johann Grundlingh, MBChB, FCEM, FFICM, EDICM, DFMS, DipMedTox, MMedTox, MSB, ERT, MEWI, MBA

Emergency Medicine Consultant

Royal London Hospital

Barts Health NHS Trust

Honorary Senior Lecturer

Queen Mary University

London

UK

Disclosures

JG declares that he has no competing interests. NJZ is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Sven van Dijk, MD

Department of Surgery

Amsterdam UMC

University of Amsterdam

Amsterdam

Department of Surgery

St Antonius Hospital

Nieuwegein

The Netherlands

Disclosures

SvD declares that he has no competing interests.

Marc G Besselink, MD, PhD, MSc

Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgeon

Department of Surgery

Amsterdam UMC

University of Amsterdam

Principal Investigator

Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group

Academic Medical Center

Amsterdam

The Netherlands

Disclosures

None declared

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pancreatitis. December 2020 [internet publication].Full text

Tenner S, Baillie J, DeWitt J, et al. American College of Gastroenterology guideline: management of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Sep;108(9):1400-15. Abstract

Leppäniemi A, Tolonen M, Tarasconi A, et al. 2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis. World J Emerg Surg. 2019 Jun 13;14:27.Full text  Abstract

Working Group IAP/APA Acute Pancreatitis Guidelines. IAP/APA evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2013 Jul-Aug;13(4 suppl 2):e1-15. Abstract

Crockett SD, Wani S, Gardner TB, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on initial management of acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2018 Mar;154(4):1096-101. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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