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Deficiência de arginina-vasopressina ou resistência (Diabetes insípido)

Last reviewed: 5 Feb 2026
Last updated: 08 Jan 2026

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • história de doença hipofisária/hipotalâmica
  • história familiar/mutações genéticas
  • história de terapia com lítio (ou outros medicamentos)
  • história de distúrbios autoimunes
  • poliúria
  • aumento da sede/polidipsia
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • noctúria
  • sinais de depleção de volume
  • sintomas inespecíficos do sistema nervoso central (SNC) de hipernatremia
  • defeitos de campo visual
  • sinais endócrinos
  • deficits motores focais
  • surdez neurossensorial e comprometimento visual
  • lesões cutâneas
Full details

Risk factors

  • cirurgia na hipófise
  • craniofaringioma
  • lesões do pedúnculo hipofisário
  • lesão cerebral traumática
  • anomalias congênitas da hipófise
  • uso de determinados medicamentos
  • Hipofisite
  • doença autoimune
  • história familiar/mutações genéticas
  • gestação
  • hemorragia subaracnoide
  • sarcoidose renal
  • amiloidose renal
  • hipercalcemia ou hipocalemia
  • liberação de uropatia obstrutiva
  • Infecção prévia do sistema nervoso central
  • Infecção por coronavírus de 2019 (COVID-19)
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • osmolalidade urinária
  • osmolalidade sérica
  • glicose sérica
  • sódio sérico
  • potássio sérico
  • ureia sérica
  • cálcio sérico
  • tira reagente para exame de urina
  • coleta de urina de 24 horas para volume
  • teste de privação de água
  • teste de estimulação de arginina-vasopressina (AVP; desmopressina)
  • teste estimulado por solução salina hipertônica com medição da copeptina
Full details

Tests to consider

  • RNM hipofisária (com contraste)
  • TC da hipófise
  • TC do tórax e/ou abdome
  • teste genético
  • autoanticorpos antitireoperoxidase
  • alfafetoproteína e gonadotropina coriônica humana beta séricas e no líquido cefalorraquidiano
  • hormônio do crescimento (GH) sérico
  • fator sérico de crescimento semelhante à insulina 1 (IGF-1)
  • testes de provocação do hormônio do crescimento (GH)
  • hormônio luteinizante (LH) sérico
  • hormônio folículo-estimulante sérico
  • testosterona sérica matinal
  • hormônio estimulante da tireoide (TSH) sérico e tri-iodotironina/tiroxina (T3/T4)
  • cortisol sérico matinal e hormônio adrenocorticotrófico (ACTH)
  • teste de estimulação com tetracosactídeo
  • prolactina sérica
Full details

Treatment algorithm

INITIAL

hipernatremia em qualquer estágio

ACUTE

deficiência de arginina-vasopressina aguda (AVP-D)

ONGOING

deficiência de arginina-vasopressina crônica (AVP-D)

resistência à arginina-vasopressina (AVP-R)

Contributors

Authors

Miles Levy MBBS, MD, FRCP,

Consultant Endocrinologist

University Hospitals of Leicester

Hon. Associate Professor at Leicester University

Leicester

UK

Disclosures

ML declares that he has no competing interests.

Mark Sherlock MB, MRCPI, MD, PhD,

Consultant Endocrinologist

Beaumont Hospital

Professor of Medicine

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland

Dublin

Ireland

Disclosures

MS has received consultancy fees for Ferring (manufacturers of desmopressin).

Acknowledgements

Professor Miles Levy and Professor Mark Sherlock wish to gratefully acknowledge Professor Stephen Ball, a previous contributor to this topic.

Disclosures

SB declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Janet Amico, MD

Professor of Medicine

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Pittsburgh

PA

Disclosures

At the time of peer review, JA received research grants from the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Veterans' Affairs, and the Department of Defense. We were made aware that Professor Amico is now deceased.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Christ-Crain M, Bichet DG, Fenske WK, et al. Diabetes insipidus. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019 Aug 8;5(1):54. Abstract

Tomkins M, Lawless S, Martin-Grace J, et al. Diagnosis and management of central diabetes insipidus in adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Sep 28;107(10):2701-15.Full text  Abstract

Kavanagh C, Uy NS. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2019 Feb;66(1):227-34. Abstract

Bockenhauer D, Bichet DG. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2015 Oct;11(10):576-88. Abstract

Knepper MA, Kwon TH, Nielsen S. Molecular physiology of water balance. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr 2;372(14):1349-58. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Differentials

    • Polidipsia psicogênica (polidipsia primária)
    • Diabetes mellitus
    • Uso de diuréticos
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Diabetes insipidus
    • Inpatient management of cranial diabetes insipidus
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Diabetes insípido

    More Patient information
  • Calculators

    Estimador de osmolalidade (sérica)

    More Calculators
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