Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- presença de fatores de risco
- idade mais avançada
- sangramento retal
- alteração no hábito intestinal
- massa retal
- história familiar positiva
- massa abdominal
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- anemia
- sexo masculino
- dor abdominal
- perda de peso e anorexia
- distensão abdominal
- linfonodos palpáveis
Fatores de risco
- idade mais avançada
- mutação de polipose adenomatosa do cólon
- Síndrome de Lynch (câncer colorretal hereditário sem polipose)
- Polipose associada ao MYH/MUTYH
- síndromes da polipose hamartomatosa
- doença inflamatória intestinal
- obesidade
- acromegalia
- atividade física limitada
- ausência de fibras alimentares
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- hemograma completo
- bioquímica hepática
- função renal
- colonoscopia
- colonografia por TC
- enema de bário com duplo contraste
- TC do tórax, abdome e pelve
Investigações a serem consideradas
- Protocolo para RNM de pelve para câncer retal
- ultrassonografia endoscópica transrretal (USTR)
- biópsia
- antígeno carcinoembriogênico (CEA)
- tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET)
Algoritmo de tratamento
Colaboradores
Autores
David E. Stein, MD, FACS, FASCRS
Regional Chief of Surgery
MedStar Health
Baltimore
MD
Declarações
DES declares that he has no competing interests.
David M. Lisle, MD
Associate Program Director
Department of Surgery
MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center
Baltimore
MD
Declarações
DML declares that he has no competing interests.
Pallavi P. Kumar, MD
Co-Director of Medical Oncology
Director of Immuno-Oncology
MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center
Harry and Jeanette Weinberg Cancer Institute
Baltimore
MD
Declarações
PPK declares that she has no competing interests.
Kamila A. Nowak-Choi, MD
Department of Radiation Oncology
MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center
Baltimore
MD
Declarações
KANC declares that she has no competing interests.
Agradecimentos
Dr David E. Stein, Dr David M Lisle, Dr Pallavi P Kumarm and Dr Kamila A Nowak-Choi would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Juan L. Poggio, Dr Jascha Rubin, Dr Najjia Mahmoud, Dr Emily Carter Paulson, Dr Gary Atkin, Dr Anne Ballinger, Dr Mark O'Hara, Dr Mark Harrison, and Dr Robert Glynne-Jones, previous contributors to this topic.
Declarações
JLP, JR, NM, ECP, MOH, GA, and AB declare that they have no competing interests. MH is the chair of the Mount Vernon Upper GI Tumour Site Specific Group and a member of the National Cancer Research Institute anal, rectal, and advanced colorectal groups. He has also received honoraria for speaking and has been supported to attend international meetings in GI cancer from Roche. He has also received research funding from Pfizer for a trial in rectal cancer. RGJ is the chief medical adviser to the charity Bowel Cancer UK. He has received honoraria for lectures from Roche, Sanofi, and Pfizer. He has received funding for the EXTRA study, involving capecitabine and radiotherapy in anal cancer, published in the International Journal of Radiation Biology Physics. RGJ has also received funding and free cetuximab for an ongoing phase I/II study integrating cetuximab into chemoradiation in rectal cancer, and has an agreement from Roche to supply bevacizumab for 3 months to 60 patients in one randomised phase II study as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in rectal cancer (BACCHUS). He has also been supported by Roche to attend international meetings in GI cancer.
Revisores
Susan Clark, BChir, MB
Consultant Colorectal Surgeon
St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute
Northwick Park
Middlesex
UK
Declarações
SC declares that she has no competing interests.
Steven Wexner, MD, FACS, FRCS, FRCS Ed, FASCRS, FAC
Chief of Staff
Chairman
Department of Colorectal Surgery
Cleveland Clinic
Weston
FL
Declarações
SW declares that he has no competing interests.
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