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Resfriado comum

Last reviewed: 11 Aug 2025
Last updated: 06 Feb 2024

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • início agudo
  • rinite
  • faringite
  • espirros
  • drenagem/gotejamento pós-nasal
  • tosse
  • febre
  • faringe vermelha inespecífica
  • edema/eritema da mucosa nasal
  • drenagem purulenta nas narinas e na faringe posterior
  • pulso e pressão arterial dentro de limites normais
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • mal-estar
  • mialgia
  • halitose
  • amígdalas inflamadas
Full details

Risk factors

  • exposição a indivíduos afetados
  • idade jovem
  • estação do inverno
  • frequentar creches
  • exposição à fumaça de cigarro ou a outros irritantes respiratórios
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • nenhum exame inicial
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • Hemograma completo
  • swab da garganta
  • cultura de escarro
  • teste de anticorpos heterófilos
  • proteína C-reativa
  • radiografia torácica
  • TC dos seios da face
  • exame viral
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

todos os pacientes

Contributors

Authors

Bruce Arroll, MBChB, PhD, FRNZCGP

Professor

Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care

University of Auckland

Auckland

New Zealand

Disclosures

BA is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Timothy Kenealy, MBChB, PhD, FRNZCGP

Associate Professor of Integrated Care

Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care

University of Auckland

Auckland

New Zealand

Disclosures

TK is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Fatima Syed, MD, MSc

Associate Professor of Medicine

Duke University School of Medicine

Durham

NC

Disclosures

FS declares that she has no competing interests.

Christopher Cates, MA, FRCGP

Senior Research Fellow

Division of Community Health Sciences

St. George's University of London

London

UK

Disclosures

CC declares that he has no competing interests.

Christopher Del Mar, MA MB, BChir MD, FRACGP, FAFPHM

Professor

Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine

Bond University

Queensland

Australia

Disclosures

CDM declares that he has no competing interests.

An De Sutter, MD, PhD

Associate Professor

Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care

Ghent University

Belgium

Disclosures

ADS declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Harris AM, Hicks LA, Qaseem A, et al. Appropriate antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infection in adults: advice for high-value care from the American College of Physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Mar 15;164(6):425-34.Full text  Abstract

Jefferson T, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, et al. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Nov 20;(11):CD006207.Full text  Abstract

van Driel ML, Scheire S, Deckx L, et al. What treatments are effective for common cold in adults and children? BMJ. 2018 Oct 10;363:k3786.

De Sutter AI, Eriksson L, van Driel ML. Oral antihistamine-decongestant-analgesic combinations for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jan 21;1:CD004976.Full text  Abstract

Isbister GK, Prior F, Kilham HA. Restricting cough and cold medicines in children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012 Feb;48(2):91-8. Abstract

Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Nov 24;(11):CD001831.Full text  Abstract

Kenealy T, Arroll B. Antibiotics for the common cold and acute purulent rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 4;(6):CD000247.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Differentials

    • Febre do feno (rinite alérgica)
    • Sinusite crônica
    • Amigdalite
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  • Guidelines

    • Cough (acute): antimicrobial prescribing
    • Sore throat (acute): antimicrobial prescribing
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Tratamento de tosses e resfriados em crianças

    Resfriado comum

    More Patient information
  • Calculators

    Critérios de Avaliação e Tratamento da Faringite (McIsaac)

    More Calculators
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