Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- presença de fatores de risco
- início agudo
- rinite
- faringite
- espirros
- drenagem/gotejamento pós-nasal
- tosse
- febre
- faringe vermelha inespecífica
- edema/eritema da mucosa nasal
- drenagem purulenta nas narinas e na faringe posterior
- pulso e pressão arterial dentro de limites normais
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- mal-estar
- mialgia
- halitose
- amígdalas inflamadas
Fatores de risco
- exposição a indivíduos afetados
- idade jovem
- estação do inverno
- frequentar creches
- exposição à fumaça de cigarro ou a outros irritantes respiratórios
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- nenhum exame inicial
Investigações a serem consideradas
- Hemograma completo
- swab da garganta
- cultura de escarro
- teste de anticorpos heterófilos
- proteína C-reativa
- radiografia torácica
- TC dos seios da face
- exame viral
Algoritmo de tratamento
todos os pacientes
Colaboradores
Autores
Bruce Arroll, MBChB, PhD, FRNZCGP
Professor
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care
University of Auckland
Auckland
New Zealand
Declarações
BA is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Timothy Kenealy, MBChB, PhD, FRNZCGP
Associate Professor of Integrated Care
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care
University of Auckland
Auckland
New Zealand
Disclosures
TK is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Fatima Syed, MD, MSc
Associate Professor of Medicine
Duke University School of Medicine
Durham
NC
Disclosures
FS declares that she has no competing interests.
Christopher Cates, MA, FRCGP
Senior Research Fellow
Division of Community Health Sciences
St. George's University of London
London
UK
Disclosures
CC declares that he has no competing interests.
Christopher Del Mar, MA MB, BChir MD, FRACGP, FAFPHM
Professor
Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine
Bond University
Queensland
Australia
Disclosures
CDM declares that he has no competing interests.
An De Sutter, MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care
Ghent University
Belgium
Disclosures
ADS declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Harris AM, Hicks LA, Qaseem A, et al. Appropriate antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infection in adults: advice for high-value care from the American College of Physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Mar 15;164(6):425-34.Full text Abstract
Jefferson T, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, et al. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Nov 20;(11):CD006207.Full text Abstract
van Driel ML, Scheire S, Deckx L, et al. What treatments are effective for common cold in adults and children? BMJ. 2018 Oct 10;363:k3786.
De Sutter AI, Eriksson L, van Driel ML. Oral antihistamine-decongestant-analgesic combinations for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jan 21;1:CD004976.Full text Abstract
Isbister GK, Prior F, Kilham HA. Restricting cough and cold medicines in children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012 Feb;48(2):91-8. Abstract
Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Nov 24;(11):CD001831.Full text Abstract
Kenealy T, Arroll B. Antibiotics for the common cold and acute purulent rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 4;(6):CD000247.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Febre do feno (rinite alérgica)
- Sinusite crônica
- Amigdalite
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- Cough (acute): antimicrobial prescribing
- Sore throat (acute): antimicrobial prescribing
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Tratamento de tosses e resfriados em crianças
Resfriado comum
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Critérios de Avaliação e Tratamento da Faringite (McIsaac)
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