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Talassemia alfa

Última revisão das evidências: 4 Sep 2026
Última atualização do tópico: 14 Jul 2026

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • sintomas de anemia
  • esplenomegalia
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • infância ou início da vida adulta
  • história familiar de talassemia alfa
  • sintomas de cálculos biliares
  • retardo de crescimento
  • história prévia de suplementação de ferro
  • icterícia
  • aspectos faciais dismórficos leves
  • hematopoese extramedular
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • ascendência relevante de uma região com malária
  • história familiar positiva
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • hemoglobina (Hb)
  • volume corpuscular médio (VCM)
  • hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM)
  • contagem de eritrócitos
  • esfregaço de sangue periférico
  • percentual de reticulócitos
  • ferro sérico
  • ferritina sérica
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • coloração de azul de cresil brilhante dos eritrócitos
  • Análise de Hb
  • reação em cadeia da polimerase (gap-PCR)
  • amplificação de múltiplas sondas dependentes de ligação
  • sequenciamento direto/dot-blot reverso
  • estudos da sobrecarga de ferro
Detalhes completos

Novos exames

  • dispositivos supercondutores de interferência quântica (SQUID)

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

episódios hemolíticos agudos: gestante ou não gestante

crise aplástica transitória: gestante ou não gestante

CONTÍNUA

não gestante

gestante

Colaboradores

Autores

Janet L. Kwiatkowski, MD, MSCE

Director

Thalassemia Program

Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Professor of Pediatrics

Perelman School of Medicine

University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, PA

Declarações

JLK has participated in research trials of gene therapy sponsored by bluebird bio, Sangamo, Vertex, and Editas, and has participated in studies of pyruvate kinase activators sponsored by Agios and Forma Therapeutics. She has consulted for Agios, Forma, NovoNordisk, Chiesi, Biomarin, Regeneron, Vertex, and Bristol Myers Squibb (Celgene).

Agradecimentos

Dr Janet L. Kwiatkowski would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Elizabeth A. Price and Dr Stanley L. Schrier, the previous contributors to this topic.

Declarações

EAP declares that she has no competing interests. SLS has received US National Institutes of Health (NIH) research funds, has received funds for organising an educational symposium, and is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Revisores

David H. K. Chui, MD, FRCPC

Professor of Medicine

Boston University School of Medicine

Boston, MA

Declarações

DHKC is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. He has received research grants or salary from the US National Institutes of Health greater than 6 figures USD.

Piero Giordano, PhD

Professor of Clinical Biochemical Molecular Genetics

Human and Clinical Genetics Department

Leiden University Medical Center

Leiden

The Netherlands

Declarações

PG declares that he has no competing interests.

Cornelis Harteveld, PhD

Clinical Molecular and Biochemical Geneticist

Department of Clinical Genetics

Leiden University Medical Center

Leiden

The Netherlands

Disclosures

CH declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Thalassaemia International Federation. Guidelines for the management of alpha-thalassaemia (2023). 2023 [internet publication].Full text

Musallam KM, Cappellini MD, Coates TD, et al. Αlpha-thalassemia: a practical overview. Blood Rev. 2024 Mar;64:101165.Full text  Abstract

Shah FT, Nicolle S, Garg M, et al. Guideline for the management of conception and pregnancy in thalassaemia syndromes: a British Society for Haematology guideline. Br J Haematol. 2024 Jun;204(6):2194-209.Full text  Abstract

Northern California Comprehensive Thalassemia Center. Standards of care guidelines for thalassemia. 2012 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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