Avaliação de síncope

Last reviewed: 22 Sep 2025
Last updated: 25 Jun 2025

Summary

Differentials

Common

  • Mediado neuralmente (incluindo vasovagal)
  • Hipotensão ortostática
  • Síndrome coronariana aguda
  • Arritmias ventriculares
  • Bloqueio atrioventricular
  • Fibrilação atrial aguda
  • Insuficiência cardíaca congestiva
  • Depleção de volume
  • Disfunção do nó sinusal
  • Estenose aórtica
  • Hemorragia digestiva alta
  • Hemorragia digestiva baixa
  • Enxaqueca
  • Convulsão
Full details

Uncommon

  • Síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White/síndrome de pré-excitação
  • Tamponamento cardíaco
  • Dissecção da aorta
  • Embolia pulmonar
  • Aneurisma roto da aorta abdominal
  • Síndrome de Brugada
  • Síndrome do QT longo
  • Cardiomiopatia hipertrófica
  • Cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito
  • Estenose mitral
  • Mixoma atrial
  • Sarcoidose cardíaca
  • Taquicardia supraventricular paroxística
  • Síndrome do roubo da subclávia
  • Funcionamento inadequado de dispositivo cardíaco implantável
  • Gravidez ectópica
  • Hipoglicemia
  • Insuficiência adrenal primária
  • Hemorragia subaracnoide
  • Crises não epilépticas psicogênicas
  • Síndrome da taquicardia ortostática postural
Full details

Contributors

Authors

Shamai Grossman, MD, MS

Associate Professor of Medicine and Emergency Medicine

Harvard Medical School

Vice Chair for Health Care Quality

Director, Observation Medicine

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Boston

MA

Disclosures

SG is on the medical advisory board for Inovytec. SG is an author of references cited in this topic.

Christopher Fischer, MD

Chair, Assistant Professor

Mount Auburn Hospital

Harvard Medical School

Boston

MA

Disclosures

CF is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Acknowledgements

Dr Shamai Grossman and Dr Christopher Fischer would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Sanjeev Wasson, Dr Sarabjeet Singh and Dr Nishant Kalra, the previous contributors to this topic. SS and NK declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Sanjiv Petkar, MBBS, MD, DM (Cardiology), MRCP

Consultant Cardiologist

Heart and Lung Centre

New Cross Hospital

Wolverhampton

UK

Disclosures

SP has received funds for attending conferences, and fees for speaking and consultation, from Medtronic Inc. SP was also in receipt of funding for research, between 2007 and 2009, from Medtronic Inc. to the University of Manchester. SP was a Guideline Development Group member of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (formerly National Institute for Clinical Excellence) guidelines on transient loss of consciousness ('blackouts') management in adults and young people, published in August 2010.

Nicholas Gall, MSc, MD, FRCP

Consultant Cardiologist

Department of Cardiology

King's College Hospital

London

UK

Disclosures

NG declares that he has no competing interests.

Robert Gauer, MD

Hospitalist

Department of Internal Medicine

Womack Army Medical Center

Fort Liberty

NC

Disclosures

RG declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Shen WK, Sheldon RS, Benditt DG, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with syncope: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines, and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2017 Aug 1;136(5):e60-122.Full text  Abstract

Brignole M, Moya A, de Lange FJ, et al. 2018 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope. Eur Heart J. 2018 Jun 1;39(21):1883-948.Full text  Abstract

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: syncope​. 2020 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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