Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- dor abdominal
- taquicardia
- hipertensão
- urina escura ou vermelha
Other diagnostic factors
- náuseas
- vômitos
- distensão abdominal
- constipação
- hesitação urinária e disúria
- dor nos membros, nas costas e no tórax
- fraqueza muscular proximal
- hiperestesia dolorosa
- sintomas mentais
- convulsões
- diarreia
- quadriparesia
- insuficiência respiratória
Risk factors
- história familiar
- sexo feminino
- medicamentos
- níveis elevados de progesterona
- diminuição calórica ou ingestão de carboidratos
- tabagismo
- idade >13 anos
- bebidas alcoólicas
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- porfobilinogênio (PBG) urinário e porfirinas totais
- PBG sérico
Investigations to consider
- ácido delta-aminolevulínico (ALA)
- porfirinas plasmáticas totais (inclusive exame de fluorescência de plasma)
- porfirinas urinárias utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC)
- porfirinas fecais totais (se elevadas, fracionamento de porfirinas individuais por HPLC)
- porfirinas fecais usando HPLC
- atividade da porfobilinogênio deaminase nos eritrócitos
- sequenciamento do gene de porfobilinogênio deaminase/hidroximetilbilano sintase
- níveis de sódio sérico
- tomografia computadorizada (TC) ou ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
Treatment algorithm
ataque agudo leve
ataque agudo grave
ataques não cíclicos recorrentes
mulheres com ataques recorrentes frequentes
sem resposta à terapia medicamentosa
Contributors
Authors
Gagan Sood, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine and Surgery
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston
TX
Disclosures
GS is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Karl E. Anderson, MD
Professor
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston
TX
Disclosures
KEA reports receiving lecture fees, consulting fees, advisory board fees, and grants to the university from Alnylam, Recordati, Mitsubishi, and Disc Medicine. He is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Alexios Carayannopoulos, MD
Medical Director
Spine Center
Interventional Spine Physiatrist
Pain Medicine Specialist
Burlington
MA
Disclosures
AC declares that he has no competing interests.
Kenneth E.L. McColl, MD, FRCP
Professor of Medical Sciences
Gardiner Institute
Western Infirmary
Glasgow
UK
Disclosures
KELM declares that he has no competing interests.
Neville Pimstone, MD
Professor Emeritus of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
UC Davis Medical Group GI Unit
Sacramento
CA
Disclosures
NP declares that he has no competing interests.
References
Key articles
Bissell DM, Anderson KE, Bonkovsky HL. Porphyria. N Engl J Med. 2017 Aug 31;377(9):862-72. Abstract
Phillips JD, Anderson KE. The porphyrias (Chapter 59). In: Kaushansky K, Lichtman MA, Prchal JT, et al, eds. Williams Hematology, 10th edition. McGraw-Hill, 2021: 961-86.
Anderson KE, Bloomer JR, Bonkovsky HL, et al. Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of the acute porphyrias. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Mar 15;142(6):439-50. Abstract
Anderson KE, Bloomer JR, Bonkovsky HL, et al. Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of the acute porphyrias. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Mar 15;142(6):439-50. Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Outras condições que causam dor abdominal
- Porfiria com deficiência de delta-aminolevulinato desidratase
- Coproporfiria hereditária
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Diagnosis of acute hepatic porphyrias
- Management of acute hepatic porphyrias
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