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Porfiria aguda intermitente

Last reviewed: 21 Jul 2025
Last updated: 05 Sep 2023

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • dor abdominal
  • taquicardia
  • hipertensão
  • urina escura ou vermelha
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • náuseas
  • vômitos
  • distensão abdominal
  • constipação
  • hesitação urinária e disúria
  • dor nos membros, nas costas e no tórax
  • fraqueza muscular proximal
  • hiperestesia dolorosa
  • sintomas mentais
  • convulsões
  • diarreia
  • quadriparesia
  • insuficiência respiratória
Full details

Risk factors

  • história familiar
  • sexo feminino
  • medicamentos
  • níveis elevados de progesterona
  • diminuição calórica ou ingestão de carboidratos
  • tabagismo
  • idade >13 anos
  • bebidas alcoólicas
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • porfobilinogênio (PBG) urinário e porfirinas totais
  • PBG sérico
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • ácido delta-aminolevulínico (ALA)
  • porfirinas plasmáticas totais (inclusive exame de fluorescência de plasma)
  • porfirinas urinárias utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC)
  • porfirinas fecais totais (se elevadas, fracionamento de porfirinas individuais por HPLC)
  • porfirinas fecais usando HPLC
  • atividade da porfobilinogênio deaminase nos eritrócitos
  • sequenciamento do gene de porfobilinogênio deaminase/hidroximetilbilano sintase
  • níveis de sódio sérico
  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) ou ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

ataque agudo leve

ataque agudo grave

ONGOING

ataques não cíclicos recorrentes

mulheres com ataques recorrentes frequentes

sem resposta à terapia medicamentosa

Contributors

Authors

Gagan Sood, MD

Associate Professor

Department of Medicine and Surgery

Baylor College of Medicine

Houston

TX

Disclosures

GS is an author of several references cited in this topic.

Karl E. Anderson, MD

Professor

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

University of Texas Medical Branch

Galveston

TX

Disclosures

KEA reports receiving lecture fees, consulting fees, advisory board fees, and grants to the university from Alnylam, Recordati, Mitsubishi, and Disc Medicine. He is an author of several references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Alexios Carayannopoulos, MD

Medical Director

Spine Center

Interventional Spine Physiatrist

Pain Medicine Specialist

Burlington

MA

Disclosures

AC declares that he has no competing interests.

Kenneth E.L. McColl, MD, FRCP

Professor of Medical Sciences

Gardiner Institute

Western Infirmary

Glasgow

UK

Disclosures

KELM declares that he has no competing interests.

Neville Pimstone, MD

Professor Emeritus of Medicine

Division of Gastroenterology

UC Davis Medical Group GI Unit

Sacramento

CA

Disclosures

NP declares that he has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Bissell DM, Anderson KE, Bonkovsky HL. Porphyria. N Engl J Med. 2017 Aug 31;377(9):862-72. Abstract

Phillips JD, Anderson KE. The porphyrias (Chapter 59). In: Kaushansky K, Lichtman MA, Prchal JT, et al, eds. Williams Hematology, 10th edition. McGraw-Hill, 2021: 961-86.

Anderson KE, Bloomer JR, Bonkovsky HL, et al. Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of the acute porphyrias. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Mar 15;142(6):439-50. Abstract

Anderson KE, Bloomer JR, Bonkovsky HL, et al. Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of the acute porphyrias. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Mar 15;142(6):439-50. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Differentials

    • Outras condições que causam dor abdominal
    • Porfiria com deficiência de delta-aminolevulinato desidratase
    • Coproporfiria hereditária
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    • Diagnosis of acute hepatic porphyrias
    • Management of acute hepatic porphyrias
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