Summary
Definition
Alopecia areata (AA) é uma doença autoimune que causa inflamação dos folículos pilosos, resultando em queda de cabelo sem cicatrizes, afetando o couro cabeludo e os pelos do corpo.[1][2] Normalmente, uma ou mais pequenas regiões redondas de queda de cabelos sem atrofia são observadas. Essa queda de cabelos irregular pode apresentar novo crescimento, espontaneamente. Em outros casos, pode haver uma extensa queda de cabelos irregular e, em casos raros, pode haver queda total de pelos no corpo (alopecia areata universal) ou queda total de cabelos no couro cabeludo (alopecia total).[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: Alopecia areataConcedido por Paradi Mirmirani, MD [Citation ends].
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- queda de cabelos
- alopecia não cicatricial
- fios em pontos de exclamação
- pele subjacente normal em áreas calvas
- depressões nas unhas
Other diagnostic factors
- autoimunidade
Risk factors
- doença autoimune
- história familiar de doença autoimune
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- diagnóstico clínico
- teste de tração (pull test) positivo
Investigations to consider
- biópsia de pele
- tricoscopia
Treatment algorithm
queda de cabelos limitada (tratamento desejado)
queda de cabelos limitada (nenhum tratamento desejado)
queda de cabelos extensa (tratamento desejado)
queda de cabelos extensa (nenhum tratamento desejado)
Contributors
Authors
Fong Seng Lim, MBBS, MMed (FM), FAMS
Senior Consultant
Department of Family Medicine
National University Health System
Singapore
Disclosures
FSL declares that he has no competing interests.
Miny Samuel, PhD
Assistant Director
Research Support Unit
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
National University of Singapore
Singapore
Disclosures
MS declares that she has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Fong Seng Lim and Dr Miny Samuel would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Richard A. Strick, Dr Jack Green, and Dr Paradi Mirmirani, previous contributors to this topic. RAS is an honorary member of the National Alopecia Areata Foundation (NAAF) clinical scientific advisory board. JG is an author of a reference cited in this topic. PM declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Maria Hordinsky, MD
Professor and Chair
Department of Dermatology
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis
MN
Disclosures
MH declares that she has no competing interests.
Ralph M. Trueb, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Dermatology
University Hospital of Zurich
Zurich
Switzerland
Disclosures
RMT is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Olsen EA, Hordinsky MK, Price VH, et al. Alopecia areata investigational assessment guidelines: part II. National Alopecia Areata Foundation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;51:440-447. Abstract
Hordinsky MK. Medical treatment of noncicatricial alopecia. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2006;25:51-55. Abstract
Messenger AG, McKillop J, Farrant P, et al. British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of alopecia areata 2012. Br J Dermatol. 2012 May;166(5):916-26.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Tricotilomania
- Tinha capilar
- Eflúvio telógeno
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of alopecia areata 2012
- EEMCO guidance for the assessment of hair shedding and alopecia
More Guidelines患者教育信息
Alopecia areata
更多 患者教育信息
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