Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- lesão prévia propensa a tétano
- estado da imunização antitetânica
- trismo (mandíbula travada)
- dorsalgia
- rigidez/aumento do tônus muscular
- disfagia
- espasmos
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- uso de drogas injetáveis
- dificuldade respiratória
- pressão arterial, frequência de pulso e temperatura instáveis
- sudorese
Fatores de risco
- imunização antitetânica incompleta
- lesão
- práticas obstétricas assépticas
- uso de drogas injetáveis
- injeção intramuscular sem assepsia
- cirurgia abdominal
- acupuntura, piercing de orelha, pedicuro, palitos de dente
- tumores necróticos
- infecção da orelha média
Investigações diagnósticas
Investigações a serem consideradas
- diagnóstico clínico
- toxina sérica
- detecção do Clostridium tetani a partir do tecido da ferida ou swab
- anticorpos séricos antitoxina
- esporos em amostras de drogas ou objetos relacionados a esta prática
- punção lombar
- eletroencefalograma (EEG)
- eletromiografia (EMG)
Algoritmo de tratamento
Colaboradores
Autores
Lucy E. Cottle, MA, BM BCh, MRCP, DTMH
Consultant in Infectious Diseases
Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
Leeds
UK
Declarações
LEC declares that she has no competing interests.
Nicholas J. Beeching, MA, BM BCh, FRCP, FRACP, FFTM RCPS (Glasg), FESCMID, DCH, DTM&H
Consultant and Emeritus Professor of Tropical and Infectious Diseases
Royal Liverpool University Hospital
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Liverpool
UK
Declarações
NJB lectures at non-commercial meetings and conferences and publishes articles in peer-reviewed publications on the topic of tetanus. He has received sponsorship from specialist societies only to attend and speak at conferences. Views expressed in this topic are those of the contributor and do not necessarily represent the official position of the National Health Service, the National Institute for Health Research, the Department of Health, or Public Health England. NJB is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Enitan D. Carrol, MBChB, MRCP, MRCPCH, MD, DTMH, Dip Med Sci
Professor in Paediatric Infection (Honorary Consultant)
University of Liverpool and Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust
Liverpool
UK
Declarações
EDC declares that she has no competing interests.
Christopher M. Parry, BA, MB, BCh, PhD, FRCP, FRCPath, DTMH
Consultant in Medical Microbiology
Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust
Senior Lecturer, University of Liverpool
Honorary Clinical Research Fellow, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Liverpool
UK
Professor
School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health
Nagasaki University
Japan
Declarações
CMP is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Revisores
Louise Thwaites, BSc, MBBS, MD
Senior Clinical Research Fellow
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit
Hospital for Tropical Diseases
Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam
Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health
Oxford University
Oxford
UK
Declarações
LT is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Katrina Kretsinger, MD, MA
Commander
U.S. Public Health Service
Medical Epidemiologist
HIV Vaccine Team
Epidemiology Branch
Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention
National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta
GA
Declarações
KK declares that she has no competing interests.
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