Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- altura
- peso
Other diagnostic factors
- circunferência da cintura
- comorbidades clínicas
Risk factors
- hipotireoidismo
- hipercortisolismo
- idade ≥40 anos
- peri e pós-menopausa
- gestação anterior
- estado civil
- privação de sono
- tabagismo
- nível educacional
- nutrição deficiente no útero
- situação socioeconômica
- estilo de vida sedentário
- assistir televisão ou jogar videogames
- dieta rica em açúcar, colesterol, gordura e fast food
- consumo excessivo de álcool
- transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica
- síndrome do comer noturno
- deficiência de leptina
- corticoterapia
- terapia com antidepressivos
- terapia com antipsicóticos
- terapia com betabloqueadores
- terapia auxiliar contra o câncer de mama
- diagnóstico psiquiátrico
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- exame clínico
Tests to consider
- Hemograma completo
- transaminases séricas
- testes da função tireoidiana
- eletrocardiograma (ECG)
- ultrassonografia abdominal
- polissonografia (exame do sono)
Treatment algorithm
índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥30 kg/m²; ou então um IMC ≥27 kg/m² com uma comorbidade relacionada à obesidade
IMC ≥35 kg/m² com ou sem comorbidades
Contributors
Authors
Constantine T. Frantzides, MD, PhD, FACS

Director, Chicago Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CIMIS)
Director, Laparoscopic and Bariatric Fellowship Program
Clinical Professor of Surgery, University of Illinois
Chicago
IL
Disclosures
CTF declares that he has no competing interests.
Mark A. Carlson, MD, FACS

Professor, Department of Surgery
Professor, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy (courtesy)
Director, Center for Advanced Surgical Technology (CAST)
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha
NE
Disclosures
MAC declares that he has no competing interests.
Kelsey R. Tieken, MD

General Surgery Resident
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha
NE
Disclosures
KRT declares that she has no competing interests.
Nathan D. Bills, PhD, MBA
Associate Professor
Department of Surgery
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha
NE
Disclosures
NDB declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Constantine T. Frantzides, Dr Mark A. Carlson, Dr Kelsey R. Tieken, and Dr Nathan D. Bills would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Minh B. Luu and Dr Scott N. Welle, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
MBL and SNW declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Carel Le Roux, MRCP, PhD, FRCPath
Consultant in Metabolic Medicine
Imperial College London
Charing Cross Hospital
London
UK
Disclosures
CLR declares that he has no competing interests.
Arya M. Sharma, MD, PhD, FRCPC
Professor of Medicine
Chair for Obesity Research & Management
University of Alberta
Royal Alexandra Hospital
Edmonton
Canada
Disclosures
AMS declares that he has no competing interests.
Edward H. Livingston, MD, FACS
Chair in Surgery
Division of Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Surgery
University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas
TX
Disclosures
EHL declares that he has no competing interests.
Differentials
- Hipotireoidismo primário
- Hipotireoidismo central
- Síndrome de Cushing
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Obesity: identification, assessment and management
- 2022 ASMBS and IFSO: indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery
More GuidelinesPatient information
Obesity - diet and exercise
Obesity - drugs and surgery
More Patient informationCalculators
Índice de Massa Corporal (índice de Quetelet)
More CalculatorsLog in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice
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