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Transtornos decorrentes do uso de bebidas alcoólicas

Última revisão das evidências: 18 Sep 2026
Última atualização do tópico: 04 Aug 2026

Resumo

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • abstinência
  • tolerância
  • aumento/diminuição do tamanho do fígado, icterícia, ascite
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • insônia
  • disfunção erétil
  • transtorno decorrente do uso de nicotina
  • distúrbios gastrointestinais
  • cãibras musculares, dor, sensibilidade, percepção sensorial alterada
  • hipertensão e taquicardia
  • estado nutricional comprometido
  • marcha de base ampla
Full details

Risk factors

  • história familiar de transtornos decorrentes do uso de bebidas alcoólicas
  • depressão, ansiedade e outros transtornos de saúde mental
  • privação socioeconômica
  • ausência de rubor facial mediante exposição a bebidas alcoólicas
  • baixa responsividade aos efeitos das bebidas alcoólicas
  • história de bypass gástrico
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • entrevista diagnóstica
  • nível de álcool (hálito e sangue)
  • Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol, revisada (CIWA-Ar)
Full details

Tests to consider

  • transferrina deficiente em carboidratos (CDT)
  • gama-glutamiltranspeptidase, alanina aminotransferase (ALT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST)
  • Hemograma completo
  • etilglicuronídeo urinário
  • fosfatidiletanol (PEth
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ONGOING

consumo de bebidas alcoólicas de risco

transtorno decorrente do uso de bebidas alcoólicas: adultos não gestantes sem uso concomitante de opioides ou diagnóstico de saúde mental

transtorno decorrente do uso de bebidas alcoólicas: adulto não gestante com uso concomitante de opioides

transtorno decorrente do uso de bebidas alcoólicas: adulto não gestante com diagnóstico de saúde mental concomitante

transtornos decorrentes do uso de bebidas alcoólicas: adolescente não gestante

transtornos decorrentes do uso de bebidas alcoólicas: gestante

Contributors

Authors

Elisabeth Poorman, MD, MPH

​Assistant Professor of Medicine

Department of Medicine

University of Illinois Chicago

Chicago, IL

Disclosures

EP declares that she has no conflicting interests.

Marlene Martin, MD

Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine

Director, Addiction Care Team

San Francisco General Hospital

University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, CA

Disclosures

MM is a board member for the National Harm Reduction Coalition and has done consultancy work for the Society of Hospital Medicine.

Sarah Messmer, MD

​Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine and Pediatrics

University of Illinois Chicago

Chicago, IL

Disclosures

SM is an associate editor for the Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment.

Acknowledgements

Dr Elisabeth Poorman, Dr Marlene Martin, and Dr Sarah Messmer would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Colin Drummond, Dr Julie R. Pittman, Dr Philip H. Chung, Dr Robert M. Swift, and Dr Lorenzo Leggio, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

CD, JRP, PHC, and RMS declare that they have no competing interests. LL is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Stephen Holt, MD, MS

Associate Professor of Medicine

Yale School of Medicine

New Haven, CT

Disclosures

SH declares that they have no competing interests.

Bhanu Prakash Kolla, MD, FRCPsych

Professor of Psychiatry

Department of Psychiatry and Psychology

Addiction Psychiatrist and Sleep Physician

Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic

Rochester, MN

Disclosures

BPK declares that they have no competing interests.

Paul S. Haber, MD

Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Discipline of Medicine

University of Sydney

Sydney

Australia

Disclosures

PSH is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

American Society of Addiction Medicine. Engagement and retention of nonabstinent patients in substance use treatment: clinical consideration for addiction treatment providers. Oct 2024 [internet publication].Full text

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

World Health Organization. International classification of diseases​, 11th revision (ICD-11). Feb 2025 [internet publication].Full text

US Department of Veterans Affairs. VA/DOD clinical practice guidelines: management of substance use disorders. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

Reus VI, Fochtmann LJ, Bukstein O, et al. The American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the pharmacological treatment of patients with alcohol use disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2018 Jan 1;175(1):86-90.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Differentials

    • Outros transtornos psiquiátricos
    • Outros transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias (especialmente sedativos)
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR)
    • Management of substance use disorders: guidelines from the VA/DoD
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Transtornos decorrentes do uso de bebidas alcoólicas

    More Patient information
  • Calculators

    Questionário AUDIT para rastreamento do consumo de álcool

    More Calculators
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