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Síndrome de secreção inapropriada de hormônio antidiurético

最后审阅: 1 Nov 2025
最后更新: 25 Mar 2025

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • ausência de hipovolemia
  • ausência de hipervolemia
  • ausência dos sinais de insuficiência adrenal ou hipotireoidismo
  • náuseas
  • vômitos
  • estado mental alterado
  • cefaleia
  • convulsão
  • coma
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • sem história de uso recente de diuréticos
完整详情

危险因素

  • idade >50 anos
  • doenças pulmonares (por exemplo, pneumonia)
  • residentes de instituições asilares
  • estado pós-operatório
  • neoplasias malignas
  • medicamento associado à indução da SIHAD
  • distúrbio do sistema nervoso central (SNC)
  • exercício de resistência
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • sódio sérico
  • osmolalidade sérica
  • ureia sérica
  • osmolalidade urinária
  • sódio urinário
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需考虑的检查

  • prova terapêutica com infusão de soro fisiológico
  • ácido úrico sérico
  • excreção fracionada de sódio
  • excreção fracionada de ureia
  • hormônio estimulante da tireoide (TSH) sérico
  • nível de cortisol sérico
  • arginina-vasopressina (AVP) sérica
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

sintomas graves

sintomas leves a moderados

assintomático com sódio ≥125 mmol/L (≥125 mEq/L)

持续性治疗

síndrome de secreção inapropriada de hormônio antidiurético (SIHAD) crônica persistente

撰稿人

作者

Megan Dixon, MD

Nephrologist

Arizona Kidney Disease and Hypertension Center

Phoenix

AZ

利益声明

MD declares that she has no competing interests.

Yeonghau Howard Lien, MD, PhD

Professor Emeritus of Medicine

Division of Nephrology

University of Arizona

Tucson

AZ

利益声明

YHL is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

同行评议者

Maryam Gondal, MD

Assistant Professor

Nephrology

Yale University

New Haven

CT

利益声明

MG declares that she has no competing interests.

Judith H. Veis, MD

Associate Director

Nephrology

Washington Hospital Center

Washington

DC

利益声明

JHV declares that she has no competing interests.

Laurie Solomon, MD, FRCP

Consultant Nephrologist

Renal Unit

Lancashire Teaching Hospitals

Fulwood

Preston

UK

利益声明

LS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Gross P. Clinical management of SIADH. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Apr;3(2):61-73.全文  摘要

Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B, et al. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014 Mar;170(3):G1-47.全文  摘要

Ball S, Barth J, Levy M, et al. Society for Endocrinology endocrine emergency guidance: emergency management of severe symptomatic hyponatraemia in adult patients. Endocr Connect. 2016 Sep;5(5):G4-6.全文  摘要

Verbalis JG, Goldsmith SR, Greenberg A, et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyponatremia: expert panel recommendations. Am J Med. 2013 Oct;126(10 suppl 1):S1-42.全文  摘要

Ellison DH, Berl T. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 17;356(20):2064-72.

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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