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Fenômeno de Raynaud

Last reviewed: 19 Jun 2025
Last updated: 04 Oct 2024

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • dor ou desconforto nos dedos
  • parestesia digital
  • palidez dos dedos
  • descoloração vermelha e/ou azul dos dedos
  • capilares dilatados no leito ungueal
  • descoloração bem definida
  • ampliação dos leitos ungueais
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • pirose
  • disfagia
  • mãos inchadas
  • pele rígida
  • artralgia
  • fotossensibilidade
  • úlceras orais/nasais
  • alopécia
  • erupção cutânea em forma de borboleta
  • esclerodactilia
  • telangiectasia
  • dor torácica pleurítica
  • úlceras digitais
  • nódulos digitais
  • reabsorção dos tufos digitais
  • gangrena da ponta do dedo ou do dedo
  • lesões vermelhas dolorosas salientes nas pontas dos dedos
  • autoamputação
Full details

Risk factors

  • mulheres
  • história familiar
  • doença do tecido conjuntivo
  • uso de determinados medicamentos
  • lesão por vibração
  • Doença de Buerger
  • exposição prolongada ao frio/congelamento das extremidades
  • clima mais frio
  • tabagismo
  • isquemia
  • enxaqueca
  • glaucoma
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • diagnóstico clínico
  • fator antinuclear (FAN)
  • Hemograma completo
  • velocidade de hemossedimentação
  • proteína C-reativa
  • urinálise
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • capilaroscopia
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

fenômeno de Raynaud (FR) secundário grave: isquemia crítica, com úlceras digitais ou risco de perda de dedos

ONGOING

fenômeno de Raynaud (FR) primário ou secundário leve

Contributors

Authors

Janet Pope, MD, MPH, FRCPC
Janet Pope

Professor of Medicine

Division of Rheumatology

Department of Medicine

University of Western Ontario

Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry

Head

Division of Rheumatology

St. Joseph's Health Care

London

Ontario

Canada

Disclosures

JP has been reimbursed for consulting with several pharmaceutical manufacturers unrelated to Rayaud’s phenomenon. JP’s institution receives research grants from BMS, Janssen, and Seattle Genetics. She has acted as a consultant for AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BI, BMS, Celltrion, EMERALD, Frensenius Kabi, GSK, Janssen, JMP, Lilly, Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Novartis, Organon, Pfizer, Sandoz, Samsung, and Viatris. JP is a speaker and advisory board member for AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BI, BMS, Frensenius Kabi, GSK, Janssen, JMP, Lilly, Novartis, Organon, Pfizer, Sandoz, UCB, and Viatris. She receives no patents or royalties. JP is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Elena Schiopu, MD

Professor of Medicine

Rheumatologist

Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University

Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Augusta

GA

Disclosures

ES declares that she has no competing interests.

Ariane L. Herrick, MD FRCP

Reader in Rheumatology and Consultant Rheumatologist

Musculoskeletal Research Group

University of Manchester

Manchester

UK

Disclosures

ALH has been a paid speaker for Actelion; a consultant for Actelion and Pfizer; and an investigator in studies sponsored by Actelion, Mediquest, and United Therapeutics. ALH is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Bridget Griffiths, MB ChB, MD, MRCP(UK)

Consultant Rheumatologist

Department of Rheumatology

Freeman Hospital

Newcastle upon Tyne

UK

Disclosures

BG declares that she has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Curtiss P, Svigos K, Schwager Z, et al. Part I: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical considerations of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024 Feb;90(2):223-34. Abstract

Belch J, Carlizza A, Carpentier PH, et al. ESVM guidelines - the diagnosis and management of Raynaud's phenomenon. Vasa. 2017 Oct;46(6):413-23.Full text  Abstract

Kowal-Bielecka O, Fransen J, Avouac J, et al. Update of EULAR recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Aug;76(8):1327-39.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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  • Guidelines

    • The 2024 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for management of systemic sclerosis
    • EULAR recommendations for the non-pharmacological management of systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Abandono do hábito de fumar

    Fenômeno de Raynaud

    More Patient information
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