Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- dor torácica
- dispneia
- palidez
- diaforese
- choque cardiogênico
Other diagnostic factors
- sons cardíacos adicionais
- náuseas e/ou vômitos
- tontura ou sensação de desfalecimento
- angústia e ansiedade
- palpitações
- ruídos adventícios
- nível de consciência reduzido
- hipotensão
- localização ou natureza não clássica da dor (sintomas equivalentes à dor torácica)
Risk factors
- tabagismo
- hipertensão
- diabetes
- obesidade e síndrome metabólica
- comportamento sedentário e inatividade física
- dislipidemia
- doença renal crônica
- aterosclerose (história de angina, IAM, AVC, ataque isquêmico transitório, doença vascular periférica)
- história familiar de DAC prematura
- idade >60 anos
- uso de cocaína
- depressão
- trombose de stent ou reestenose
- apneia do sono
- enxaqueca
- desfechos adversos da gestação
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- eletrocardiograma (ECG)
- angiografia coronariana
- biomarcadores cardíacos
- glicose sanguínea
- hemograma completo
- eletrólitos, ureia e creatinina
- proteína C-reativa
- lipídios séricos
Investigations to consider
- gasometria arterial
- radiografia torácica
- ecocardiograma
Emerging tests
- Proteína C de ligação à miosina cardíaca (CMyC)
Treatment algorithm
suspeita de infarto do miocárdio
hemodinamicamente instável
pacientes hemodinamicamente estáveis
pós-infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST)
Contributors
Authors
Mahi L. Ashwath, MD, MBA, FACC, FASE, FSCMR

Professor of Medicine and Radiology
Multimodality Imaging Director
Inaugural Reuben Jacobs Chair in Internal Medicine
UHS/UT Heart and Vascular Institute
San Antonio
TX
Disclosures
MLA declares that she is a consultant for Tersera.
Acknowledgements
Dr Mahi L. Ashwath would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Thomas Vrobel and Dr Sanjay Gandhi, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
TV declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Dale Adler, MD, FACC
Vice Chairman of Medicine for Network Development and Strategic Planning
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Boston
MA
Disclosures
DA declares that he has no competing interests.
Deepak L. Bhatt, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
Cleveland Clinic
OH
Disclosures
DLB declares that he has no competing interests.
Gregory Lip, MD, FRCP, FACC, FESC
Consultant Cardiologist and Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine
University Department of Medicine
City Hospital
Birmingham
UK
Disclosures
GL declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, et al. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). Eur Heart J. 2019 Jan 14;40(3):237-69.Full text Abstract
Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Dec 23;64(24):e139-228.Full text Abstract
Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al; Writing Committee Members. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Nov 30;78(22):e187-285.Full text Abstract
O'Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013 Jan 29;127(4):e362-425.Full text Abstract
Edvardsen T, Asch FM, Davidson B, et al. Non-invasive imaging in coronary syndromes: recommendations of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography, in collaboration with the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2022 Jan 24;23(2):e6-33.Full text Abstract
Neumann FJ, Sousa-Uva M, Ahlsson A, et al. 2018 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J. 2019 Jan 7;40(2):87-165.Full text Abstract
Lawton JS, Tamis-Holland JE, Bangalore S, et al. 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI guideline for coronary artery revascularization: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022 Jan 18;145(3):e18-114.Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Angina instável
- Infarto do miocárdio sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST
- Dissecção da aorta
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- ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes
- Consensus recommendations of the Asia Pacific cardiometabolic consortium on secondary prevention strategies in myocardial infarction: recommendations on pharmacotherapy, lifestyle modification and cardiac rehabilitation
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