Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- história de picadas de mosquito
- febre
- artralgias/artrite
- erupção cutânea e outras manifestações dermatológicas
Other diagnostic factors
- dorsalgia
- com dor neuropática
- cefaleia
- linfadenopatia
- manifestações oculares
- fotofobia
- faringite
- manifestações gastrointestinais
- manifestações neurológicas
- manifestações hemorrágicas
Risk factors
- Picadas de mosquitos Aedes
- viagem/residência em áreas endêmicas
- exposição ao ar livre
- fatores ambientais que favorecem a criação de mosquitos
- neonato com mãe infectada
- baixo nível educacional
- idade >40 anos
- sexo masculino
- transfusão sanguínea
- tipo sanguíneo O positivo
- doenças comórbidas (risco de doença mais grave)
- neonato (risco de doença mais grave)
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- Hemograma completo com diferencial
- TFHs
- velocidade de hemossedimentação
- proteína C-reativa
- perfil metabólico básico
- sorologia
- teste molecular
Tests to consider
- exames de imagem musculoesquelética
- ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
- análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano
- eletromiografia
- estudos da condução nervosa
- eletroencefalograma
- histologia placentária
- cultura viral
Treatment algorithm
fase aguda
fase crônica
Contributors
Authors
Miguel G. Madariaga, MD, MSc, FACP

Infectious Diseases Consultant
Naples Comprehensive Health
Naples, FL
Disclosures
MGM declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Jessica Fairley, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
Emory University
Atlanta, GA
Disclosures
JF declares that she has no competing interests.
Mala Chhabra, MBBS, MD
Joint Director
National Centre for Disease Control
Delhi
India
Disclosures
MC declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
World Health Organization. Guidelines on clinical management of chikungunya fever. Dec 2019 [internet publication].Full text
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chikungunya virus: clinical testing and diagnosis for chikungunya virus disease. Nov 2025 [internet publication].Full text
Brito CAA, Marques CDL, Falcão MB, et al. Update on the treatment of musculoskeletal manifestations in chikungunya fever: a guideline. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2020;53:e20190517.Full text Abstract
World Health Organization. WHO guidelines for clinical management of arboviral diseases: dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever. Jul 2025 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

Differentials
- Febre da dengue
- Infecção pelo vírus da Zika
- Doença pelo vírus Oropouche
Mais DifferentialsGuidelines
- WHO guidelines for clinical management of arboviral diseases: dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever
- Update on the treatment of musculoskeletal manifestations in chikungunya fever: a guideline
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