Resumo
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- história de exposição recente à heparina
- história de TIH
- ausência de condições e medicamentos que causam trombocitopenia
- história de cirurgia ou trauma recente
- características consistentes com evento tromboembólico venoso ou arterial recente (por exemplo, embolia pulmonar [EP], trombose venosa profunda [TVP], acidente vascular cerebral [AVC], infarto do miocárdio [IAM])
- necrose nos locais de injeção da heparina
Other diagnostic factors
- ausência de sangramento
- sinais de necrose hemorrágica adrenal
- reação sistêmica aguda
- sinais de gangrena venosa de membros
Risk factors
- exposição recente à heparina (nos últimos 100 dias)
- cirurgia ortopédica ou cardiovascular recente
- sexo feminino
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- Hemograma completo
Investigations to consider
- Escore 4Ts
- ensaio de antígeno de TIH
- Ensaio funcional de TIH
- exames de coagulação
- ultrassonografia Doppler venosa
- angiografia pulmonar por tomografia computadorizada (APTC)
- cintilografia de ventilação/perfusão (cintilografia V/Q)
- angiotomografia venosa cerebral
- venografia por ressonância magnética (crânio)
Treatment algorithm
suspeita de TIH com escore de 4Ts ≥4 ou TIH aguda confirmada
trombocitopenia induzida por heparina (TIH) suspeita com escore de 4Ts ≤3
recuperação de plaquetas (TIH A subaguda)
TIH remota
Contributors
Authors
Lori-Ann Linkins, MD, MSc(Clin Epi), FRCPC
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine
McMaster University
Thrombosis Consultant
Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre
Hamilton
Ontario
Canada
Disclosures
LL is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Jeffrey S. Wasser, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine
Acting Associate Chair of the Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology
University of Connecticut School of Medicine
Farmington
CT
Disclosures
JSW declares that he has no competing interests.
Henry Watson, MD, FRCP, FRCPath
Consultant Haematologist
Aberdeen Royal Infirmary
Foresterhill Health Campus
Aberdeen
UK
Disclosures
HW declares that he has no competing interests.
Simon Davidson, MPhil
Clinical Scientist
Royal Brompton Hospital
Honorary Clinical Lecturer
Imperial College London
London
UK
Disclosures
SD is a consultant for Mitsubishi Pharma, the manufacturer of argatroban.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Warkentin T, Kelton J. Temporal aspects of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1286-1292.Full text Abstract
Cuker A, Arepally GM, Chong BH, et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2018 Nov 27;2(22):3360-92.Full text Abstract
Linkins LA, Dans AL, Moores LK, et al. Treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis (9th ed). American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(2 Suppl):e495S-e530S.Full text Abstract
Watson H, Davidson S, Keeling D, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: second edition. Br J Haematol. 2012 Dec;159(5):528-40.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Estado pós-operatório
- Púrpura trombocitopênica trombótica
- Púrpura trombocitopênica induzida por medicamentos
More DifferentialsDiretrizes
- Guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
- Treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (9th ed)
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