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Trombocitopenia induzida por heparina

Última revisão: 13 Sep 2025
Última atualização: 20 Jun 2023

Resumo

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • história de exposição recente à heparina
  • história de TIH
  • ausência de condições e medicamentos que causam trombocitopenia
  • história de cirurgia ou trauma recente
  • características consistentes com evento tromboembólico venoso ou arterial recente (por exemplo, embolia pulmonar [EP], trombose venosa profunda [TVP], acidente vascular cerebral [AVC], infarto do miocárdio [IAM])
  • necrose nos locais de injeção da heparina
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • ausência de sangramento
  • sinais de necrose hemorrágica adrenal
  • reação sistêmica aguda
  • sinais de gangrena venosa de membros
Full details

Risk factors

  • exposição recente à heparina (nos últimos 100 dias)
  • cirurgia ortopédica ou cardiovascular recente
  • sexo feminino
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • Hemograma completo
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • Escore 4Ts
  • ensaio de antígeno de TIH
  • Ensaio funcional de TIH
  • exames de coagulação
  • ultrassonografia Doppler venosa
  • angiografia pulmonar por tomografia computadorizada (APTC)
  • cintilografia de ventilação/perfusão (cintilografia V/Q)
  • angiotomografia venosa cerebral
  • venografia por ressonância magnética (crânio)
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

suspeita de TIH com escore de 4Ts ≥4 ou TIH aguda confirmada

trombocitopenia induzida por heparina (TIH) suspeita com escore de 4Ts ≤3

ONGOING

recuperação de plaquetas (TIH A subaguda)

TIH remota

Contributors

Authors

Lori-Ann Linkins, MD, MSc(Clin Epi), FRCPC

Associate Professor

Department of Medicine

McMaster University

Thrombosis Consultant

Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre

Hamilton

Ontario

Canada

Disclosures

LL is an author of several references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Jeffrey S. Wasser, MD

Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine

Acting Associate Chair of the Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology

University of Connecticut School of Medicine

Farmington

CT

Disclosures

JSW declares that he has no competing interests.

Henry Watson, MD, FRCP, FRCPath

Consultant Haematologist

Aberdeen Royal Infirmary

Foresterhill Health Campus

Aberdeen

UK

Disclosures

HW declares that he has no competing interests.

Simon Davidson, MPhil

Clinical Scientist

Royal Brompton Hospital

Honorary Clinical Lecturer

Imperial College London

London

UK

Disclosures

SD is a consultant for Mitsubishi Pharma, the manufacturer of argatroban.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Warkentin T, Kelton J. Temporal aspects of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1286-1292.Full text  Abstract

Cuker A, Arepally GM, Chong BH, et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2018 Nov 27;2(22):3360-92.Full text  Abstract

Linkins LA, Dans AL, Moores LK, et al. Treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis (9th ed). American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(2 Suppl):e495S-e530S.Full text  Abstract

Watson H, Davidson S, Keeling D, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: second edition. Br J Haematol. 2012 Dec;159(5):528-40.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Trombocitopenia induzida por heparina images
  • Differentials

    • Estado pós-operatório
    • Púrpura trombocitopênica trombótica
    • Púrpura trombocitopênica induzida por medicamentos
    More Differentials
  • Diretrizes

    • Guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
    • Treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (9th ed)
    More Diretrizes
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