Avaliação de náuseas e vômitos em crianças

Last reviewed: 10 Feb 2026
Last updated: 01 Apr 2025

Summary

დიფერენციული დიაგნოზები

ხშირი

  • Gastroenterite viral
  • Gastroenterite bacteriana
  • Giardíase
  • Enxaqueca
  • Cinetose/enjoo de viagem
  • Labirintite
  • Concussão (lesão cerebral traumática leve)
  • Meningite
  • Tumor cerebral
  • Hidrocefalia
  • Estenose pilórica
  • Intussuscepção
  • Má rotação intestinal
  • Atresia do intestino delgado
  • Cetoacidose diabética
  • Doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE)
  • Vômitos cíclicos
  • Gastroparesia
  • Constipação
  • Dispepsia funcional
  • Torção testicular
  • Infecção do trato urinário
  • Nefrolitíase
  • Úlcera péptica
  • Apendicite aguda
  • Pancreatite aguda
  • Hepatite A
  • Intolerância à lactose
  • Alergia alimentar
  • Doença eosinofílica
  • Bulimia nervosa
  • Ingestão de produtos tóxicos
  • Efeitos adversos dos medicamentos
სრული ტექსტი

იშვიათია

  • Vertigem posicional paroxística benigna
  • Pseudotumor cerebral (hipertensão intracraniana benigna)
  • Síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior
  • Doença de Addison (insuficiência adrenal primária)
  • Hiperplasia adrenal congênita
  • Distúrbios do metabolismo de proteínas
  • Distúrbios do metabolismo de carboidratos
  • Síndrome da taquicardia ortostática postural
  • Doença de Hirschsprung
  • Torção ovariana
  • Síndrome hemolítico-urêmica
  • Obstrução da junção ureteropélvica
  • Linfoma do intestino delgado
  • Ruminação
  • Transtorno factício
  • Síndrome da hiperêmese por cannabis
  • Otite média
  • Pneumonia
სრული ტექსტი

კონტრიბუტორები

ავტორები

John E. Fortunato, MD
John E. Fortunato

Professor of Pediatrics

Neurointestinal and Motility Program Director

Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago

Chicago

IL

გაფრთხილება:

JEF declares that he has no competing interests.

მადლიერება

Dr John E. Fortunato would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Mary K. Rogers Boruta and Dr Roberto A. Gomez-Suarez, previous contributors to this topic. MKRB is a consultant for Medspira on paediatric integration for anorectal manometry by assisting with training providers on device use, for which she receives no compensation. There is no contractual agreement to disseminate product information. RAG-S declares that he has no competing interests.

რეცენზენტები

David A. Bergman, MD

Associate Professor

Division of General Pediatrics

Stanford School of Medicine

Palo Alto

CA

გაფრთხილება:

DAB declares that he has no competing interests.

Prateek D. Wali, MD

Assistant Professor

Pediatric Gastroenterology

Golisano Children's Hospital

Upstate Medical University

Syracuse

NY

გაფრთხილება:

PDW declares that he has no competing interests.

Alistair G. Sutcliffe, MB ChB, MD, PhD, FRCP, FRCPCH, PG DIP CT

Reader in General Paediatrics

Honorary Consultant Paediatrician

University College London Hospitals and Great Ormond Street Hospitals

Associate Director

Gap Unit

Institute of Child Health

University College London

London

UK

Disclosures

AGS is developing a project on the use of an antiemesis drug for gastroenteritis but has no other connection with the topic per se.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

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Key articles

American Gastroenterological Association. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: nausea and vomiting. Gastroenterology. 2001 Jan;120(1):261-3. Abstract

Li BU, Lefevre F, Chelimsky GG, et al. North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of cyclic vomiting syndrome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008 Sep;47(3):379-93. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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