Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- maior susceptibilidade a infecções
- distúrbios do paladar
- estomatite
- cicatrização tardia de ferida
- acrodermatite enteropática
Other diagnostic factors
- fadiga
- sintomas gastrointestinais
- baixa estatura
- fratura óssea
- intolerância à glicose
- dermatite
- perda de peso
- alopécia
- paroníquia
- febre
- tremor de intenção
- depressão
- comprometimento da concentração
- nistagmo
- disartria
- cegueira noturna
- hipogeusia
- anosmia
- blefarite
- demência
Risk factors
- viver em regiões em desenvolvimento
- idade >65 anos
- doença gastrointestinal e hepática crônica
- doença renal
- doença falciforme
- tratamento crônico com hidroclorotiazida, penicilamina, etambutol, determinados antibióticos
- Infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)
- transtornos decorrentes do uso de bebidas alcoólicas
- dietas vegetariana/vegana em longo prazo
- dietas para perda de peso especializadas
- bebês com dietas pobres em nutrientes
- história familiar de deficiência de zinco
- anorexia nervosa
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- níveis de zinco sérico ou plasmático
- nível de ferro sérico
- nível de 25-OH vitamina D
- folato sérico
- vitamina B12 sérica
Emerging tests
- conteúdo de zinco celular
- teste genético para acrodermatite enteropática
Treatment algorithm
adquirida
acrodermatite enteropática
Contributors
Authors
Prashant Singh, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor
MI
USA
Disclosures
PS declares that he has no competing interests.
Judy Nee, MD
Instructor in Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston
MA
Disclosures
JN declares that she has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Prashant Singh and Dr Judy Nee would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Daniel Leffler, a previous contributor to this topic.
Disclosures
DL declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Hajo Haase, PhD
Assistant Professor for low molecular weight immune regulators
Institute of Immunology
University Hospital
RWTH Aachen University
Aachen
Germany
Disclosures
HH has been reimbursed by Kohler Pharma, the manufacturer of UNIZINK, for attending a symposium and has received a fee for speaking at that symposium. HH is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Andrew Fenves, MD
Professor of Medicine
Baylor University Medical Center
Dallas
TX
Disclosures
AF declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Lassi ZS, Kurji J, Oliveira CS, et al. Zinc supplementation for the promotion of growth and prevention of infections in infants less than six months of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Apr 8;4:CD010205.Full text Abstract
U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. Dec 2020 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Hipotireoidismo
- Depression
- Deficiência de ferro
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Nutrition and growth refugee healthy domestic guidance
- 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans
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