Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- idade <12 meses
- cristais de "areia" laranja nas fraldas
- nefrolitíase
- sinais piramidais
- atrofia testicular
- sexo masculino
- atraso do desenvolvimento
- movimentos involuntários
- hipotonia generalizada
- comportamento autolesivo, geralmente em idade <5 anos
- comportamento autolesivo com foco na boca e nos dedos
- distúrbios cognitivos
- retardo do crescimento
- distonia de ação
- história familiar positiva
Risk factors
- história familiar positiva
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- nível de ácido úrico sérico
- excreção de ácido úrico na urina de 24 horas
- análise genética da hipoxantina-guanina fosforibosiltransferase (HPRT)
- atividade da enzima hipoxantina-guanina fosforibosiltransferase (HPRT)
Investigations to consider
- ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
Treatment algorithm
todos os pacientes
Contributors
Authors
Jasper E. Visser, MD, PhD
Neurologist
Department of Neurology
Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center
Nijmegen
The Netherlands
Disclosures
JEV has received research grants from the Dutch Research Council (NWO), the Dutch Brain Foundation, the National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the LND Famiglie Italiane ODV, and the University of Pennsylvania Orphan Disease Center in partnership with the Love Never Sinks Organization to conduct scientific research relevant to this topic.
H. A. Jinnah, MD, PhD
Professor
Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics
Emory University
Atlanta
GA
Disclosures
HAJ has served on the Scientific Advisory Boards for the Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome Children's Research Foundation in the US and for Lesch-Nyhan Action in France. He has received grant support from the NIH, the Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome Children's Research Foundation, and Psyadon Pharmaceuticals for research on Lesch-Nyhan disease.
Peer reviewers
Stephen G. Reich, MD
Professor
Department of Neurology
The University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore
MD
Disclosures
SGR is co-author of a study referenced in this topic.
Pavel Seeman, MD, PhD
Associate Professor (Doc)
Head of the DNA Laboratory
Department of Child Neurology
Second School of Medicine
Charles University
Prague
and University Hospital Motol
Prague
Czech Republic
Disclosures
PS declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Lesch M, Nyhan WL. A familial disorder of uric acid metabolism and central nervous system function. Am J Med. 1964;36:561-570. Abstract
Visser JE, Bar PR, Jinnah HA. Lesch-Nyhan disease and the basal ganglia. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2000 Apr;32(2-3):449-75. Abstract
Jinnah HA, Ceballos-Picot I, Torres RJ, et al; Lesch-Nyhan Disease International Study Group. Attenuated variants of Lesch-Nyhan disease. Brain. 2010 Mar;133(Pt 3):671-89.Full text Abstract
Fu R, Ceballos-Picot I, Torres RJ, et al; Lesch-Nyhan Disease International Study Group. Genotype-phenotype correlations in neurogenetics: Lesch-Nyhan disease as a model disorder. Brain. 2014 May;137(Pt 5):1282-303.Full text Abstract
Jinnah HA, Visser JE, Harris JC, et al. Delineation of the motor disorder of Lesch-Nyhan disease. Brain. 2006 May;129(Pt 5):1201-17.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Paralisia cerebral
- Doenças com atraso no desenvolvimento
- Doenças com distonia em pouca idade
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