Last reviewed: 25 Mar 2025
Last updated: 07 Jan 2025
Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- sangramento retal
- dor no reto
- massa retal
Full details
Other diagnostic factors
- secreção anal
- prurido anal
- incontinência fecal
- fístula anal
- úlcera que não cicatriza
- massa nos linfonodos inguinais
- características de metástase à distância
Full details
Risk factors
- papilomavírus humano (HPV)
- vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)
- imunossupressão
- penetração anal receptiva
- múltiplos parceiros sexuais
- doença autoimune
- tabagismo
- neoplasia intraepitelial anal
- fístula anal
Full details
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- anuscopia
- biópsia do tumor
- RNM da pelve
- TC da pelve
- TC de abdome e de tórax
Full details
Investigations to consider
- tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET)
- biópsia por agulha dos linfonodos inguinais
- HIV sérico por ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimática (ELISA)
- rastreamento de câncer cervical
Full details
Treatment algorithm
ACUTE
doença locorregional
doença metastática à distância
Contributors
Authors
Bruce D. Minsky, MD
Professor and Frank T. McGraw Endowed Chair
Radiation Oncology
MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston
TX
Disclosures
BDM declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Brian Czito, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Radiation Oncology
Duke University Medical Center
Durham
NC
Disclosures
BC declares that he has no competing interests.
Lisa Kachnic, MD
Chief and Associate Professor
Department of Radiation Oncology
Boston University Medical Center
Boston
MA
Disclosures
LK has received funding from the US Department of Defense to perform research on non-anal cancers. LK is the author of a study referenced in this topic.
Sue Clark, MD
Consultant Colorectal Surgeon
Assistant Director
The Polyposis Registry
St Mark's Hospital
Harrow
UK
Disclosures
SC declares that she has no competing interests.
Differentials
- Hemorroidas
- Câncer do reto
- Câncer da margem anal
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- ACR appropriateness criteria: staging and follow-up of anal cancer
- NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: cancer in people with HIV
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