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Câncer anal

Last reviewed: 25 Mar 2025
Last updated: 07 Jan 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • sangramento retal
  • dor no reto
  • massa retal
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • secreção anal
  • prurido anal
  • incontinência fecal
  • fístula anal
  • úlcera que não cicatriza
  • massa nos linfonodos inguinais
  • características de metástase à distância
Full details

Risk factors

  • papilomavírus humano (HPV)
  • vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)
  • imunossupressão
  • penetração anal receptiva
  • múltiplos parceiros sexuais
  • doença autoimune
  • tabagismo
  • neoplasia intraepitelial anal
  • fístula anal
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • anuscopia
  • biópsia do tumor
  • RNM da pelve
  • TC da pelve
  • TC de abdome e de tórax
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET)
  • biópsia por agulha dos linfonodos inguinais
  • HIV sérico por ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimática (ELISA)
  • rastreamento de câncer cervical
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

doença locorregional

doença metastática à distância

Contributors

Authors

Bruce D. Minsky, MD

Professor and Frank T. McGraw Endowed Chair

Radiation Oncology

MD Anderson Cancer Center

Houston

TX

Disclosures

BDM declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Brian Czito, MD

Associate Professor

Department of Radiation Oncology

Duke University Medical Center

Durham

NC

Disclosures

BC declares that he has no competing interests.

Lisa Kachnic, MD

Chief and Associate Professor

Department of Radiation Oncology

Boston University Medical Center

Boston

MA

Disclosures

LK has received funding from the US Department of Defense to perform research on non-anal cancers. LK is the author of a study referenced in this topic.

Sue Clark, MD

Consultant Colorectal Surgeon

Assistant Director

The Polyposis Registry

St Mark's Hospital

Harrow

UK

Disclosures

SC declares that she has no competing interests.

  • Differentials

    • Hemorroidas
    • Câncer do reto
    • Câncer da margem anal
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • ACR appropriateness criteria: staging and follow-up of anal cancer
    • NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: cancer in people with HIV
    More Guidelines
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