When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Câncer anal

Last reviewed: 15 Jan 2026
Last updated: 07 Jan 2025

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • sangramento retal
  • dor no reto
  • massa retal
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • secreção anal
  • prurido anal
  • incontinência fecal
  • fístula anal
  • úlcera que não cicatriza
  • massa nos linfonodos inguinais
  • características de metástase à distância
完整详情

危险因素

  • papilomavírus humano (HPV)
  • vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)
  • imunossupressão
  • penetração anal receptiva
  • múltiplos parceiros sexuais
  • doença autoimune
  • tabagismo
  • neoplasia intraepitelial anal
  • fístula anal
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • anuscopia
  • biópsia do tumor
  • RNM da pelve
  • TC da pelve
  • TC de abdome e de tórax
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET)
  • biópsia por agulha dos linfonodos inguinais
  • HIV sérico por ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimática (ELISA)
  • rastreamento de câncer cervical
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

doença locorregional

doença metastática à distância

撰稿人

作者

Bruce D. Minsky, MD

Professor and Frank T. McGraw Endowed Chair

Radiation Oncology

MD Anderson Cancer Center

Houston

TX

利益声明

BDM declares that he has no competing interests.

同行评议者

Brian Czito, MD

Associate Professor

Department of Radiation Oncology

Duke University Medical Center

Durham

NC

利益声明

BC declares that he has no competing interests.

Lisa Kachnic, MD

Chief and Associate Professor

Department of Radiation Oncology

Boston University Medical Center

Boston

MA

利益声明

LK has received funding from the US Department of Defense to perform research on non-anal cancers. LK is the author of a study referenced in this topic.

Sue Clark, MD

Consultant Colorectal Surgeon

Assistant Director

The Polyposis Registry

St Mark's Hospital

Harrow

UK

利益声明

SC declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Rao S, Guren MG, Khan K, et al. Anal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2021 Sep;32(9):1087-100.全文  摘要

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: anal carcinoma [internet publication].全文

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Differentials

    • Hemorroidas
    • Câncer do reto
    • Câncer da margem anal
    More Differentials
  • Diretrizes

    • ACR appropriateness criteria: staging and follow-up of anal cancer
    • NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: cancer in people with HIV
    More Diretrizes
  • padlock-lockedConectar-se ou assinar para acessar todo o BMJ Best Practice

O uso deste conteúdo está sujeito ao nosso aviso legal