小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- presença de fatores de risco
- sangramento retal
- dor no reto
- massa retal
其他诊断因素
- secreção anal
- prurido anal
- incontinência fecal
- fístula anal
- úlcera que não cicatriza
- massa nos linfonodos inguinais
- características de metástase à distância
危险因素
- papilomavírus humano (HPV)
- vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)
- imunossupressão
- penetração anal receptiva
- múltiplos parceiros sexuais
- doença autoimune
- tabagismo
- neoplasia intraepitelial anal
- fístula anal
诊断性检查
首要检查
- anuscopia
- biópsia do tumor
- RNM da pelve
- TC da pelve
- TC de abdome e de tórax
需考虑的检查
- tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET)
- biópsia por agulha dos linfonodos inguinais
- HIV sérico por ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimática (ELISA)
- rastreamento de câncer cervical
治疗流程
doença locorregional
doença metastática à distância
撰稿人
作者
Bruce D. Minsky, MD
Professor and Frank T. McGraw Endowed Chair
Radiation Oncology
MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston
TX
利益声明
BDM declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Brian Czito, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Radiation Oncology
Duke University Medical Center
Durham
NC
利益声明
BC declares that he has no competing interests.
Lisa Kachnic, MD
Chief and Associate Professor
Department of Radiation Oncology
Boston University Medical Center
Boston
MA
利益声明
LK has received funding from the US Department of Defense to perform research on non-anal cancers. LK is the author of a study referenced in this topic.
Sue Clark, MD
Consultant Colorectal Surgeon
Assistant Director
The Polyposis Registry
St Mark's Hospital
Harrow
UK
利益声明
SC declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
参考文献
关键文献
Rao S, Guren MG, Khan K, et al. Anal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2021 Sep;32(9):1087-100.全文 摘要
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: anal carcinoma [internet publication].全文
参考文献
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Hemorroidas
- Câncer do reto
- Câncer da margem anal
More DifferentialsDiretrizes
- ACR appropriateness criteria: staging and follow-up of anal cancer
- NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: cancer in people with HIV
More DiretrizesConectar-se ou assinar para acessar todo o BMJ Best Practice
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