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Parassonias em crianças

Last reviewed: 17 Aug 2025
Last updated: 21 May 2024

Summary

Definición

Анамнез и осмотр

Ключевые диагностические факторы

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • cognição comprometida durante o evento (despertares confusionais, terrores noturnos, sonambulismo)
  • atividade vigorosa ou comportamento violento (despertares confusionais, sonambulismo, terrores noturnos e distúrbio comportamental do sono de movimento rápido dos olhos [DCR])
  • episódios de incapacidade de se movimentar (paralisia do sono recorrente e isolada)
  • hiperatividade autonômica durante o evento (terrores noturnos)
  • amnésia
  • exame físico normal entre os episódios
Полная информация

Другие диагностические факторы

  • comportamento e expressão facial anormais (despertares confusionais, terrores noturnos, sonambulismo)
  • evidência de lesões
Полная информация

Факторы риска

  • história familiar de parassonias do sono de movimento não rápido dos olhos (NREM; despertares confusionais, sonambulismo, terrores noturnos)
  • presença dos alelos HLA-DQB1*04 e *05 (sonambulismo)
  • medicamentos ou bebidas alcoólicas
  • história de transtorno psiquiátrico
  • febre
  • privação aguda do sono ou transtorno do ciclo sono-vigília irregular
  • estresse emocional e eventos de vida traumáticos
  • despertares forçados
  • distúrbios do sono concomitantes não tratados
  • estado pré-menstrual (em adolescentes)
Полная информация

Диагностические исследования

Исследования, которые показаны в первую очередь

  • exame clínico
  • polissonografia (distúrbio comportamental do sono de movimento rápido dos olhos)
Полная информация

Исследования, проведение которых нужно рассмотреть

  • polissonografia (despertares confusionais)
  • polissonografia (sonambulismo)
  • polissonografia (terrores noturnos)
  • polissonografia (transtorno de pesadelo)
  • polissonografia (todas as demais parassonias)
  • gravação de vídeo de polissonografia com eletroencefalograma (EEG) estendido
  • exame de urina para detecção de drogas
Полная информация

Алгоритм лечения

ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕ

despertares confusionais

sonambulismo

terrores noturnos

pesadelos

paralisia do sono recorrente e isolada

distúrbio comportamental do sono de movimento rápido dos olhos

Составители

Авторы

Shalini Paruthi, MD

Co-Medical Director, Sleep Medicine and Research Center

St. Luke's Hospital

Adjunct Associate Professor

Department of Pediatrics

Saint Louis University School of Medicine

St Louis

MO

Раскрытие информации

SP receives royalties from UpToDate for writing two topics: diagnosis and management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. SP is a board member of the Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation.

Выражение благодарностей

Dr Shalini Paruthi would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Raman Malhotra and Dr Alon Y. Avidan, previous contributors to this topic.

Раскрытие информации

AYA has been paid honorarium speaking fees by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, the American Academy of Neurology, the American College of Chest Physicians, Sepracor Inc, Cephalon Inc, and Pfizer Pharmaceuticals.

Рецензенты

Paul Gringras, MB, ChB, MSc, MRCPCH

Consultant in Paediatric Neurodisability

Evelina Children's Hospital

St Thomas' Hospital

London

UK

Раскрытие информации

PG is lead applicant on the ongoing MENDS trial, which is concerned with the use of melatonin in children with neurodevelopmental disorders and impaired sleep.

Paul Montgomery, MSc, DipSW, DPhil

Reader in Psycho-Social Intervention

Centre for Evidence Based Intervention

Barnett House

University of Oxford

Oxford

UK

Раскрытие информации

PM has received funding greater than 6 figures USD from the Swedish Board of Health and Welfare, Martek Biosciences, Danish Social Research Institute, UK Department of Health, UK Health Technology Assessment Programme. PM declares that he has no competing interests.

Lynn A. D'Andrea, MD

Associate Professor of Pediatrics

Chief

Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine

Department of Pediatrics

Medical College of Wisconsin

Medical Director

Pulmonary Clinic

Children's Hospital of Wisconsin

Milwaukee

WI

Раскрытие информации

LAD declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Список литературы

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Основные статьи

American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The AASM international classification of sleep disorders - third edition, text revision (ICSD-3-TR). Jun 2023 [internet publication].

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. text revision, (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022

Kotagal S. Parasomnias in childhood. Sleep Med Rev. 2009;13:157-168. Аннотация

Zadra A, Pilon M. NREM parasomnias. Handb Clin Neurol. 2011;99:851-68.Полный текст  Аннотация

Статьи, указанные как источники

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Differentials

    • Convulsões (noturnas)
    • Narcolepsia
    • Transtorno do movimento periódico dos membros (TMPM)
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Consensus statement on evidence-based treatment of insomnia, parasomnias and circadian rhythm disorders: an update
    • Practice parameters for the non-respiratory indications for polysomnography and multiple sleep latency testing for children
    More Guidelines
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