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Lesão crônica da medula espinhal

Last reviewed: 21 Jul 2025
Last updated: 07 Sep 2023

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • fraqueza motora
  • perda da coordenação motora fina
  • espasticidade
  • parestesia, dormência, disestesia
  • hiper-reflexia e clônus do tornozelo
  • reflexos patológicos
  • contraturas
  • perda da sensibilidade perianal, contração anal voluntária e tônus anal
  • disreflexia autonômica
  • siringe
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • dor central (linha média)
  • dor em faixa
  • dor musculoesquelética ou visceral
  • marcha instável
  • incontinência ou retenção urinária
  • constipação
  • disfunção sexual
  • mal-estar inespecífico
  • dor radicular
Full details

Risk factors

  • trauma ou isquemia da medula espinhal
  • lesão na medula espinhal de nível superior
  • extremidades etárias
  • canal vertebral estreito
  • sexo masculino
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

Investigations to consider

  • RNM da coluna vertebral
  • eletromiografia (EMG)
  • estudos urodinâmicos
  • ultrassonografia da bexiga
  • ultrassonografia renal
  • cistouretrografia miccional
  • densitometria óssea
  • avaliação laboratorial
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

deficit neurológico progressivo

estado neurológico estável

Contributors

Authors

Cristina Sadowsky, MD

Clinical Director

International Center for Spinal Cord Injury

Kennedy Krieger Institute

Associate Professor Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

Baltimore

MD

Disclosures

CS is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Travis Edmiston, MD

Assistant Professor for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

International Center for Spinal Cord Injury

Kennedy Krieger Institute

Baltimore

MD

Disclosures

TE declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Cristina Sadowsky and Dr Travis Edmiston would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Kenneth Casey and Dr Jwalant Mehta, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

KC and JM declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Steven Kirshblum, MD

Medical Director and Director of Spinal Cord Injury Services

Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation

West Orange

Professor

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey/New Jersey Medical School

Newark

NJ

Disclosures

SK declares that he has no competing interests.

Deborah Short, MRCP

Consultant in Rehabilitation Medicine

Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Hospital

Oswestry

UK

Disclosures

DS declares that she has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Royal College of Physicians. Chronic spinal cord injury: management of patients in acute hospital settings. Feb 2008 [internet publication].Full text

Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine; Paralyzed Veterans of America. Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for spinal cord injury. 2022 [internet publication].Full text

Obstetric management of patients with spinal cord injuries: ACOG Committee opinion summary, number 808. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 May;135(5):1247-49.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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