Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- fraqueza motora
- perda da coordenação motora fina
- espasticidade
- parestesia, dormência, disestesia
- hiper-reflexia e clônus do tornozelo
- reflexos patológicos
- contraturas
- perda da sensibilidade perianal, contração anal voluntária e tônus anal
- disreflexia autonômica
- siringe
Other diagnostic factors
- dor central (linha média)
- dor em faixa
- dor musculoesquelética ou visceral
- marcha instável
- incontinência ou retenção urinária
- constipação
- disfunção sexual
- mal-estar inespecífico
- dor radicular
Risk factors
- trauma ou isquemia da medula espinhal
- lesão na medula espinhal de nível superior
- extremidades etárias
- canal vertebral estreito
- sexo masculino
Diagnostic investigations
Investigations to consider
- RNM da coluna vertebral
- eletromiografia (EMG)
- estudos urodinâmicos
- ultrassonografia da bexiga
- ultrassonografia renal
- cistouretrografia miccional
- densitometria óssea
- avaliação laboratorial
Treatment algorithm
deficit neurológico progressivo
estado neurológico estável
Contributors
Authors
Cristina Sadowsky, MD
Clinical Director
International Center for Spinal Cord Injury
Kennedy Krieger Institute
Associate Professor Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Baltimore
MD
Disclosures
CS is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Travis Edmiston, MD
Assistant Professor for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
International Center for Spinal Cord Injury
Kennedy Krieger Institute
Baltimore
MD
Disclosures
TE declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Cristina Sadowsky and Dr Travis Edmiston would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Kenneth Casey and Dr Jwalant Mehta, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
KC and JM declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Steven Kirshblum, MD
Medical Director and Director of Spinal Cord Injury Services
Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation
West Orange
Professor
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey/New Jersey Medical School
Newark
NJ
Disclosures
SK declares that he has no competing interests.
Deborah Short, MRCP
Consultant in Rehabilitation Medicine
Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Hospital
Oswestry
UK
Disclosures
DS declares that she has no competing interests.
References
Key articles
Royal College of Physicians. Chronic spinal cord injury: management of patients in acute hospital settings. Feb 2008 [internet publication].Full text
Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine; Paralyzed Veterans of America. Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for spinal cord injury. 2022 [internet publication].Full text
Obstetric management of patients with spinal cord injuries: ACOG Committee opinion summary, number 808. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 May;135(5):1247-49.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Mielopatia não compressiva
- Mielopatia compressiva
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Best practice guidelines: spine injury
- CDC clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain: United States, 2022
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