Summary
Definition
As bactérias do gênero Campylobacter causam uma variedade de infecções, mais comumente doenças diarreicas agudas.[1] Nos pacientes com doença hepática, pessoas imunocomprometidas e idosos, a infecção por Campylobacter pode causar bacteremia ou infecção extraintestinal.[2][3] Existem muitas espécies de Campylobacter, e onze delas causam doença humana, incluindo doença entérica e extra-intestinal. Os principais patógenos humanos são C jejuni e C coli, que geralmente causam enterite aguda, e C fetus, que é o principal patógeno causador de doenças extra-intestinais.[1][Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: Imagem microscópica de Campylobacter que apresenta bacilos em forma curva; cultura de 48 horas de Campylobacter jejuniDr. Robert Weaver, Biblioteca de Imagens, Centros de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças dos EUA [Citation ends].
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- dor abdominal
- diarreia
Other diagnostic factors
- pródromo de cefaleia, mialgias, calafrios e febre
- vômitos
Risk factors
- viagem recente ao exterior
- comer carne crua ou malcozida (especialmente frango)
- exposição a aves, gado, ovelhas ou outros animais do campo
- Infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)
- sexo masculino
- beber água não tratada
- beber leite não pasteurizado
- contato próximo com uma pessoa infectada
- uso de inibidores da bomba de prótons ou antagonistas H2, especialmente em pacientes idosos
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- microscopia das fezes
- coprocultura
- contagem de leucócitos
Investigations to consider
- sorologia para Campylobacter sérica
- hemocultura
- biópsia intestinal
- microscopia fecal
Treatment algorithm
gastroenterite
Contributors
Authors
Eli D. Ehrenpreis, MD, FACG, AGAF
Associate Director for Research
Internal Medicine Residency
Advocate Lutheran General Hospital
Park Ridge
IL
Disclosures
EDE is the CEO of E2Bio Life Sciences and E2Bio Consultants. EDE is the owner of patents related to the management of oral mucosal diseases, prevention of oral cancer, and treatment of anal pruritus.
Acknowledgements
Dr Eli D. Ehrenpreis would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Gregory Juckett, Dr Kristin Furfari, and Professor Sarah O'Brien, the previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
GJ and KF declare that they have no competing interests. SOB is the author of some references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Justin T. Kupec, MD
Assistant Professor
Section of Digestive Diseases
Department of Medicine
West Virginia University
Morgantown
WV
Disclosures
JTK declares that he has no competing interests.
Stephen Morris-Jones, MBBS, MRCPath
Consultant in Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences
London
UK
Disclosures
SMJ declares that he has no competing interests.
Michael Bennish, MD
Senior Associate
Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health
Bloomberg School of Public Health
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore
MD
Disclosures
MB declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
World Health Organization. Campylobacter fact sheet. 1 May 2020 [internet publication].Full text
Shane AL, Mody RK, Crump JA, et al. 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of infectious diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 29;65(12):e45-80.Full text Abstract
Riddle MS, DuPont HL, Connor BA. ACG clinical guideline: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute diarrheal infections in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016 May;111(5):602-22.Full text Abstract
World Gastroenterology Organisation (WGO). WGO practice guideline: acute diarrhea. 2012 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Gastroenterite por salmonela
- Gastroenterite por Shigella
- Gastroenterite por Yersinia
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Laboratory guidelines
- Infectious diarrhea - guideline for investigation
More GuidelinesPatient information
Diarreia em crianças
Diarreia em adultos
More Patient information
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