Resumo
Definição
As bactérias do gênero Campylobacter causam uma variedade de infecções, mais comumente doenças diarreicas agudas.[1][2] Em idosos, pacientes imunocomprometidos e aqueles com doença hepática, a infecção por Campylobacter pode causar bacteremia ou infecção extraintestinal.[3] Existem muitas espécies de Campylobacter, e onze delas causam doença humana, incluindo doença entérica e extra-intestinal. Os principais patógenos humanos são C jejuni e C coli, que geralmente causam enterite aguda, e C fetus, que é o principal patógeno causador de doenças extra-intestinais.[1][Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: Imagem microscópica de Campylobacter que apresenta bacilos em forma curva; cultura de 48 horas de Campylobacter jejuniDr. Robert Weaver, Biblioteca de Imagens, Centros de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças dos EUA [Citation ends].
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- presença de fatores de risco
- dor abdominal
- diarreia
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- pródromo de cefaleia, mialgias, calafrios e febre
- náuseas e vômitos
Fatores de risco
- idade <5 anos
- idade ≥65 anos
- viagem recente ao exterior
- comer alimentos crus ou malpassados
- exposição a aves, gado, ovelhas ou outros animais do campo
- imunocomprometimento
- Infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)
- sexo masculino
- água não tratada
- beber leite não pasteurizado (cru)
- contato próximo com uma pessoa infectada
- uso de inibidores da bomba de prótons (IBPs) ou antagonistas H2, especialmente em pacientes idosos
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- microscopia das fezes
- coprocultura
- contagem de leucócitos
Investigações a serem consideradas
- sorologia para Campylobacter sérica
- hemocultura
- biópsia intestinal
- microscopia fecal
- exame diagnóstico independente de cultura
Algoritmo de tratamento
gastroenterite
Colaboradores
Autores
Eli D. Ehrenpreis, MD, FACG, AGAF
Research Director
Internal Medicine Residency
Advocate Lutheran General Hospital
Park Ridge
IL
Professor of Medicine
Wake Forest University Medical School
Winston-Salem
NC
Declarações
EDE is CEO, owner, and shareholder for E2Bio Life Sciences LLC. E2Bio Life Sciences LLC has developed Bocaliner, an FDA-registered class 1 medical device designed to enhance the efficacy of topical medications applied to the oral cavity. EDE is the inventor and owner of patents for this device. EDE is also a CEO of G.I. Pharmaceuticals Inc., which has medical treatments for oral leukoplakia designed to prevent oral cancer, and a new medication for anal pruritus. G.I. Pharmaceuticals Inc. is involved with the development of educational programs for students and medical trainees.
Agradecimentos
Dr Eli D. Ehrenpreis would like to gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Dr Olivia Foy, who contributed to this update. Dr Eli D. Ehrenpreis would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Gregory Juckett, Dr Kristin Furfari, Professor Sarah O'Brien, and Dr Olivia Foy the previous contributors to this topic.
Declarações
OF, GJ, and KF declare that they have no competing interests.
Revisores
Justin T. Kupec, MD
Assistant Professor
Section of Digestive Diseases
Department of Medicine
West Virginia University
Morgantown
WV
Declarações
JTK declares that he has no competing interests.
Stephen Morris-Jones, MBBS, MRCPath
Consultant in Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences
London
UK
Disclosures
SMJ declares that he has no competing interests.
Michael Bennish, MD
Senior Associate
Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health
Bloomberg School of Public Health
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore
MD
Disclosures
MB declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Campylobacter infection (Campylobacteriosis). Jan 2025 [internet publication].Full text
Shane AL, Mody RK, Crump JA, et al. 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of infectious diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 29;65(12):e45-80.Full text Abstract
Riddle MS, DuPont HL, Connor BA. ACG clinical guideline: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute diarrheal infections in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016 May;111(5):602-22.Full text Abstract
World Gastroenterology Organisation (WGO). WGO practice guideline: acute diarrhea. 2012 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Gastroenterite por salmonela
- Gastroenterite por Shigella
- Gastroenterite por Yersinia
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