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Ambliopia

Última revisão: 20 Aug 2025
Última atualização: 07 Sep 2023

Resumo

Definição

ანამნეზი და გასინჯვა

ძირითადი დიაგნოსტიკური ფაქტორები

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • lactente não segue a face dos pais
  • reflexo vermelho anormal
სრული ტექსტი

სხვა დიაგნოსტიკური ფაქტორები

  • assintomático
  • acuidade visual subnormal para a idade em um ou em ambos os olhos
  • reflexo da luz na córnea assimétrico
  • resposta desigual à oclusão alternada dos olhos
  • teste de cobrir/descobrir anormal
  • visão turva
  • fadiga ocular
  • nistagmo congênito
  • exame da pupila anormal
  • exame ocular externo anormal
სრული ტექსტი

რისკფაქტორები

  • idade <9 anos
  • estrabismo (desalinhamento dos olhos)
  • opacidade na córnea, câmara anterior, cristalino, câmara vítrea ou superfície retiniana
  • ptose grave ou oclusão prolongada de um ou de ambos os olhos
  • prematuridade
  • história familiar de ambliopia ou estrabismo
  • anisometropia hipermétrope (vista longa com erro de refração desigual entre os 2 olhos) >+1.50 dioptria
  • anisometropia miópica
  • astigmatismo (desfocamento cilíndrico, e não esférico, do olho) >2.00 dioptrias
  • hipermetropia >+4.50 dioptrias
  • miopia >-3.00 dioptrias
  • atraso do desenvolvimento
სრული ტექსტი

დიაგნოსტიკური კვლევები

1-ად შესაკვეთი გამოკვლევები

  • testes de acuidade visual (por especialista)
  • estereopsia (percepção de profundidade ou 3 dimensões) e teste da visão binocular
  • avaliação de fixação, alinhamento ocular e motilidade ocular
  • exame do segmento anterior usando uma lâmpada de fenda
  • fundoscopia dilatada
  • retinoscopia cicloplégica
  • teste do reflexo vermelho binocular (teste de Brückner)
სრული ტექსტი

ახალი ტესტები

  • potenciais evocados visuais

მკურნალობის ალგორითმი

მიმდინარე

ambliopia sem privação de forma

ambliopia por privação de forma

ambliopia refratária (paciente não observante)

კონტრიბუტორები

ავტორები

Irene Gottlob, MD

Professor of Ophthalmology

Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour

University of Leicester

Ulverscroft Eye Unit

Leicester Royal Infirmary

UK

გაფრთხილება:

IG declares that she has no competing interests. IG is an author of references cited in this topic.

Gail Maconachie, PhD, BMedSci

Lecturer

School of Allied Health Professions, Nursing and Midwifery,

Faculty of Health

University of Sheffield

UK

გაფრთხილება:

GM declares that she has no competing interests. GM is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Eleni Papageorgiou, MD, PhD

Consultant in Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Neuro-Ophthalmology

Department of Ophthalmology

University Hospital of Larissa

Larissa

Greece

გაფრთხილება:

EP declares that she has no competing interests.

მადლიერება

Dr Irene Gottlob, Dr Gail Maconachie, and Dr Eleni Papageorgiou would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Tina Rutar, the previous contributor to this topic

Раскрытие информации

TR declared that she had no competing interests.

Рецензенты

David Robbins Tien, MD

Associate Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology

Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Director of Ophthalmology

Hasbro Children's Hospital

Providence

RI

Раскрытие информации

DRT declares that he has no competing interests.

David K. Wallace, MD, MPH

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics

Duke Eye Center

Durham

NC

Раскрытие информации

DKW has received NEI grants of more than 6 figures USD. DKW is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Michael Clarke, FRCS, FCOphth

Reader in Ophthalmology

Newcastle University

Newcastle

UK

Раскрытие информации

MC has received NHS research grants of more than 6 figures USD. MC is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Список литературы

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Основные статьи

Cruz OA, Repka MX, Hercinovic A, et al. Amblyopia preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P136-78.Полный текст  Аннотация

Hutchinson AK, Morse CL, Hercinovic A, et al. Pediatric eye evaluations preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P222-70.Полный текст  Аннотация

US Preventive Services Task Force; Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, et al. Vision screening in children ages 6 months to 5 years: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2017 Sep 5;318(9):836-44.Полный текст  Аннотация

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Pediatric ophthalmology/strabismus summary benchmarks - 2022. December 2022 [internet publication].Полный текст

Wallace DK, Lazar EL, Holmes JM, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of increasing patching for amblyopia. Ophthalmology. 2013 Nov;120(11):2270-7.Полный текст  Аннотация

Статьи, указанные как источники

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