Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- sintomas constitucionais
- linfadenite (peste bubônica)
- hemoptise (peste pneumônica)
- diarreia (yersiniose)
- dor abdominal (yersiniose)
Other diagnostic factors
- dor torácica pleurítica (peste pneumônica)
- dispneia (peste pneumônica)
- Faringite (yersinose)
Risk factors
- exposição a pulgas (peste)
- residência ou viagem para uma área endêmica (peste)
- contato com animais infectados (peste)
- bioterrorismo (peste)
- crianças pequenas (yersiniose)
- consumo de produtos suínos crus ou malcozidos (yersiniose)
- exposição a pessoas com peste (peste)
- hemocromatose (yersiniose)
- doença hepática crônica, diabetes, alcoolismo (yersiniose)
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- hemocultura (peste)
- cultura de aspirado do bubão (peste bubônica)
- cultura de escarro (peste pneumônica)
- cultura de líquido cefalorraquidiano (peste septicêmica)
- cultura de amostra de swab da garganta (peste faríngea)
- detecção de antígeno (peste)
- contagem leucocitária (peste)
- radiografia torácica (peste pneumônica)
- coprocultura (yersiniose)
Investigations to consider
- sorologia (peste ou yersiniose)
- reação em cadeia da polimerase (peste)
Treatment algorithm
peste pneumônica ou septicêmica: adultas não gestantes e crianças
peste bubônica ou faríngea: adultas não gestantes e crianças
peste pneumônica, septicêmica, bubônica ou faríngea: gestante
peste meníngea
yersiniose
Contributors
Authors
John Williams, MRCP, DTM&H, Dip HIV Med

Consultant Infectious Diseases Physician
Department of Infection and Travel Medicine
The James Cook University Hospital
Middlesbrough
UK
Disclosures
JW declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Vladimir L. Motin, PhD
Professor
Pathology/Microbiology and Immunology
University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston, TX
Disclosures
VLM declares that he has no competing interests.
Waleed Javaid, MD, FACP, FIDSA
Associate Professor
Medical Director of Infection Control
Infectious Disease
Department of Medicine
SUNY Upstate Medical University
Syracuse, NY
Disclosures
WJ declares that he has no competing interests.
Alistair Leanord, BSc, MBChB, MD, DTM&H, FRCPath
Consultant Microbiologist
Microbiology Department
Southern General Hospital
Glasgow
UK
Disclosures
AL declares that he has no competing interests.
Janak Koirala, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
Department of Internal Medicine
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
Springfield, IL
Disclosures
JK declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
World Health Organization. Manual for plague surveillance, diagnosis, prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Oranization; 2024.
Nelson CA, Meaney-Delman D, Fleck-Derderian S, et al. Antimicrobial treatment and prophylaxis of plague: recommendations for naturally acquired infections and bioterrorism response. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021 Jul 16;70(3):1-27.Full text Abstract
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical testing and diagnosis for plague. May 2024 [internet publication].Full text
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical care of plague. May 2024 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

Differentials
- Sepse Gram-negativa
- Pneumonia bacteriana
- Doença por arranhadura do gato
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Plague: epidemiology, outbreaks and guidance
- Clinical overview of yersiniosis
More GuidelinesPatient information
Pneumonia
Apendicite
More Patient informationLog in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer