Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
Other diagnostic factors
- sexo masculino
- dispneia
- sonolência diurna
- cefaleia matinal
- tosse deficiente
- infecções frequentes do trato respiratório inferior
- IMC ≥30 kg/m²
- aumento do componente pulmonar da segunda bulha cardíaca (P2)
- edema dos membros inferiores
- terceira bulha cardíaca direita (B3 em galope)
- quarta bulha cardíaca esquerda (B4 em galope)
Risk factors
- índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥30 kg/m²
- distúrbios torácicos restritivos
- distúrbios do sistema nervoso central
- doença obstrutiva das vias aéreas
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- gasometria arterial
- bicarbonato sérico
- oximetria de pulso
- hematócrito (Hct)
Investigations to consider
- testes de função pulmonar
- força dos músculos respiratórios
- radiografia torácica
- polissonografia
- ecocardiograma
- hormônio estimulante da tireoide
- gene PHOX2B
Treatment algorithm
síndromes da hipoventilação da obesidade
distúrbios torácicos restritivos
respiração de Cheyne-Stokes
Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC)
Contributors
Authors
Samuel Krachman, DO
Professor of Medicine
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Temple University School of Medicine
Philadelphia
PA
Disclosures
SK is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Acknowledgements
Professor Samuel Krachman would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Gerard Criner, a previous contributor to this topic.
Disclosures
GC declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Matthew Hind, PhD, MRCP
Consultant Physician
Royal Brompton Hospital
Honorary Senior Lecturer
National Heart and Lung Institute
Imperial College
Department of Respiratory Medicine
London
UK
Disclosures
MH declares that he has no competing interests.
Kenneth I. Berger, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Physiology and Neuroscience
New York University School of Medicine
New York
NY
Disclosures
KIB declares that he has no competing interests.
References
Key articles
American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders. 3rd ed, text revision. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2023.
Mokhlesi B, Masa JF, Brozek JL, et al. Evaluation and management of obesity hypoventilation syndrome. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Aug 1;200(3):e6-e24.Full text Abstract
Khan A, Frazer-Green L, Amin R, et al. Respiratory management of patients with neuromuscular weakness: an American College of Chest Physicians clinical practice guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2023 Mar 13;S0012-3692(23)00353-7.Full text Abstract
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome and obesity hypoventilation syndrome in over 16s. Aug 2021 [internet publication].Full text
Miller RG, Jackson CE, Kasarskis EJ, et al. Practice parameter update: the care of the patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: drug, nutritional, and respiratory therapies (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2009 Oct 13;73(15):1218-26. (Re-affirmed 2023.)Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Doença pulmonar intersticial
- Apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) sem hipoventilação alveolar associada
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- International classification of sleep disorders. 3rd ed, text revision
- Respiratory management of patients with neuromuscular weakness: an American College of Chest Physicians clinical practice guideline and expert panel report
More GuidelinesPatient information
Apneia do sono em adultos (obstrutiva)
DPOC: quais tratamentos funcionam?
More Patient informationLog in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice
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