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Síndromes de hipoventilação

Last reviewed: 21 Jul 2025
Last updated: 11 Jul 2024

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • sexo masculino
  • dispneia
  • sonolência diurna
  • cefaleia matinal
  • tosse deficiente
  • infecções frequentes do trato respiratório inferior
  • IMC ≥30 kg/m²
  • aumento do componente pulmonar da segunda bulha cardíaca (P2)
  • edema dos membros inferiores
  • terceira bulha cardíaca direita (B3 em galope)
  • quarta bulha cardíaca esquerda (B4 em galope)
Full details

Risk factors

  • índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥30 kg/m²
  • distúrbios torácicos restritivos
  • distúrbios do sistema nervoso central
  • doença obstrutiva das vias aéreas
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • gasometria arterial
  • bicarbonato sérico
  • oximetria de pulso
  • hematócrito (Hct)
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • testes de função pulmonar
  • força dos músculos respiratórios
  • radiografia torácica
  • polissonografia
  • ecocardiograma
  • hormônio estimulante da tireoide
  • gene PHOX2B
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

síndromes da hipoventilação da obesidade

distúrbios torácicos restritivos

respiração de Cheyne-Stokes

Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC)

Contributors

Authors

Samuel Krachman, DO

Professor of Medicine

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

Temple University School of Medicine

Philadelphia

PA

Disclosures

SK is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Acknowledgements

Professor Samuel Krachman would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Gerard Criner, a previous contributor to this topic.

Disclosures

GC declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Matthew Hind, PhD, MRCP

Consultant Physician

Royal Brompton Hospital

Honorary Senior Lecturer

National Heart and Lung Institute

Imperial College

Department of Respiratory Medicine

London

UK

Disclosures

MH declares that he has no competing interests.

Kenneth I. Berger, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine

Physiology and Neuroscience

New York University School of Medicine

New York

NY

Disclosures

KIB declares that he has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders. 3rd ed, text revision. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2023.

Mokhlesi B, Masa JF, Brozek JL, et al. Evaluation and management of obesity hypoventilation syndrome. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Aug 1;200(3):e6-e24.Full text  Abstract

Khan A, Frazer-Green L, Amin R, et al. Respiratory management of patients with neuromuscular weakness: an American College of Chest Physicians clinical practice guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2023 Mar 13;S0012-3692(23)00353-7.Full text  Abstract

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome and obesity hypoventilation syndrome in over 16s. Aug 2021 [internet publication].Full text

Miller RG, Jackson CE, Kasarskis EJ, et al. Practice parameter update: the care of the patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: drug, nutritional, and respiratory therapies (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2009 Oct 13;73(15):1218-26. (Re-affirmed 2023.)Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Differentials

    • Doença pulmonar intersticial
    • Apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) sem hipoventilação alveolar associada
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • International classification of sleep disorders. 3rd ed, text revision
    • Respiratory management of patients with neuromuscular weakness: an American College of Chest Physicians clinical practice guideline and expert panel report
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Apneia do sono em adultos (obstrutiva)

    DPOC: quais tratamentos funcionam?

    More Patient information
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