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Crises de ausência

Evidence last reviewed: 14 Apr 2026
Topic last updated: 27 Nov 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • história familiar de convulsões na infância
  • episódio de olhar fixo, que dura de 5 a 10 segundos; várias vezes por dia sem aura/estado pós-ictal
  • início na infância
  • exame físico normal
  • crise induzida por hiperventilação
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • Automatismos
  • declínio recente no desempenho escolar
  • início precoce (antes dos 4 anos)
Full details

Risk factors

  • história familiar/genética de síndrome epiléptica do tipo ausência
  • lesão cerebral adquirida: por exemplo, hipóxia-isquemia, trauma, infecção
  • outros defeitos congênitos do metabolismo, defeitos estruturais, anormalidades cromossômicas
  • atraso no desenvolvimento ou deficiência intelectual
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • eletroencefalograma (EEG)
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
  • exames para distúrbios metabólicos (por exemplo, aminoácidos séricos, ácidos orgânicos urinários, piruvato de lactato ou testes enzimáticos específicos)
  • glicose no líquido cefalorraquidiano e glicose sérica
  • teste genético
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

crises de ausência típica sem história de crises tônico-clônicas generalizadas (epilepsia do tipo ausência da infância)

crises de ausência típica com história de crises tônico-clônicas generalizadas (epilepsia do tipo ausência da infância [EAI], epilepsia do tipo ausência juvenil [EAJ] e epilepsia mioclônica juvenil [EMJ])

crises de ausência atípica

ONGOING

refratário a tratamento

Contributors

Authors

Emily McGinnis, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor

Department of Clinical Science

Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine

Los Angeles

CA

Disclosures

EM states that she has no competing interests.

Dean Sarco, MD

Clinical Associate Professor

Department of Clinical Science

Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine

Los Angeles

CA

Disclosures

DS states that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Emily McGinnis and Dr Dean Sarco would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Michael Wong and Dr Judith L. Z. Weisenberg, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

MW and JLZW declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Anita Devlin, MBBS, MD

Consultant Paediatric Neurologist

Royal Victoria Infirmary

NHS Foundation Trust

Newcastle-upon-Tyne

UK

Disclosures

AD and two epilepsy nurses from her department have been reimbursed by UCB Pharma, the manufacturer of levetiracetam, for attending several conferences. One of the epilepsy nurses received a one-off sponsorship payment from UCB Pharma to cover the initial set-up costs of the adolescent epilepsy support group. One epilepsy nurse has been reimbursed by Cyberonics, the manufacturer of vagal nerve stimulators, for attending one or more conferences.

Cigdem Akman, MD

Division of Pediatric Neurology

Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

New York

NY

Disclosures

CA declares that he has no competing interests.

Angus A. Wilfong, MD

Associate Professor

Pediatrics and Neurology

Baylor College of Medicine

Medical Director

Comprehensive Epilepsy Program

Texas Children's Hospital

Houston

TX

Disclosures

AAW declares that he has no competing interests.

Helen Cross, MB, ChB, PhD, FRCP, FRCPCH

Head of Neurosciences Unit

The Prince of Wales’s Chair of Childhood Epilepsy

National Centre for Young People with Epilepsy

London

UK

Disclosures

HC has received research funds from HAS, Epilepsy Research UK, SHS, and the Milk Development Council. She has received funding for an epilepsy training fellowship from UCB and Eisai. She has also received travel funding from Eisai, UCB, and GlaxoSmithKline.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Beniczky S, Trinka E, Wirrell E, et al. Updated classification of epileptic seizures: position paper of the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2025 Jun;66(6):1804-23.Full text  Abstract

Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: position paper of the ILAE commission for classification and terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr;58(4):512-21.Full text  Abstract

Hirsch E, French J, Scheffer IE, et al. ILAE definition of the idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndromes: position statement by the ILAE task force on nosology and definitions. Epilepsia. 2022 Jun;63(6):1475-99.Full text  Abstract

Specchio N, Wirrell EC, Scheffer IE, et al. International league against epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in childhood: position paper by the ILAE task force on nosology and definitions. Epilepsia. 2022 Jun;63(6):1398-442.Full text  Abstract

Brigo F, Igwe SC, Lattanzi S. Ethosuximide, sodium valproate or lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jan 21;1(1):CD003032.Full text  Abstract

Rinaldi VE, Di Cara G, Mencaroni E, et al. Therapeutic options for childhood absence epilepsy. Pediatr Rep. 2021 Dec 16;13(4):658-67.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Differentials

    • Sonhar acordado
    • Transtorno de deficit da atenção com hiperatividade (TDAH)
    • Crises focais com comprometimento da consciência, de origem no lobo frontal ou temporal
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Epilepsies in children, young people and adults
    • Teratogenesis, perinatal, and neurodevelopmental outcomes after in utero exposure to antiseizure medication
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Crises de ausência em crianças

    More Patient information
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