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Retinite pigmentosa

Última revisão das evidências: 12 Feb 2026
Última atualização do tópico: 09 Oct 2025

Resumo

Definição

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • história familiar positiva
  • presença de uma síndrome associada
  • redução da visão periférica
  • cegueira noturna
  • comprometimento da adaptação ao escuro
  • acuidade central reduzida
  • atrofia do epitélio pigmentar da retina
  • pigmentação em espículas ósseas
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • nervo óptico pálido em cera
  • fotopsias
  • erro de refração
  • catarata
  • atenuação vascular retiniana
  • edema macular cistoide
  • células vítreas
  • ofuscamento por luzes fortes
  • visão das cores anormal
  • ceratocone
  • glaucoma
  • drusas da cabeça do nervo óptico
  • retinopatia tipo Coats
  • amaurose congênita de Leber
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • história familiar
  • presença de uma síndrome associada
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • avaliação da acuidade visual
  • exame do segmento anterior e medição da pressão intraocular
  • perimetria total
  • eletrorretinograma de campo total
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • limiar elevado final de adaptação ao escuro
  • tomografia de coerência óptica (TCO)
  • teste genético
  • imagiologia óptica adaptativa
  • autofluorescência de campo amplo de fundo do olho
Todos los datos

Pruebas emergentes

  • sequenciamento completo do exoma

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Agudo

todos os pacientes

Colaboradores

Autores

Lesley Everett , MD, PhD, MPhil

Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology

Casey Eye Institute

Oregon Health and Sciences University

Divisions of Ophthalmic Genetics and Retina

Portland

OR

Divulgaciones

LAE is supported by a Foundation Fighting Blindness Career Development Grant.

Mark E. Pennesi, MD, PhD
Mark E. Pennesi

Professor

Casey Eye Institute

Oregon Health and Sciences University

Portland

OR

Divulgaciones

MEP serves on the scientific advisory board and executive committee for the Foundation Fighting Blindness.

Paul Yang, MD, PhD
Paul Yang

Associate Professor

Casey Eye Institute

Oregon Health and Sciences University

Portland

OR

Divulgaciones

PY acted as a consultant for 4D Molecular Therapeutics, AAVantgarde Bio (IDMC), Adverum, Astellas, Beacon Therapeutics, BlueRock Therapeutics, Eluminex Biosciences, Foundation Fighting Blindness (SAB), Janssen (DSMB), MieraGTx (DSMB), Nanoscope Therapeutics (SAB), and TeamedOn.

Agradecimientos

Dr Lesley Everett, Dr Mark E. Pennesi, and Dr Paul Yang would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Richard G. Weleber and Dr Peter J. Francis, previous contributors to this topic.

Divulgaciones

RGW has served as a consultant to Novartis, Pfizer, and Wellstat, is a member of the scientific advisory board for Applied Genetic Technologies Corp, and serves on the scientific advisory board for the Foundation Fighting Blindness (the relationship has been reviewed and managed by Oregon Health & Science University). RGW also reports having received grants and personal fees from the Foundation Fighting Blindness and Applied Genetic Technologies Corp, and other support from Sanofi-Fovea, all outside the submitted work. In addition, RGW has a patent (US patent 8,657,446, Method and apparatus for visual field monitoring, also known as Visual Field Monitoring and Analysis, or VFMA, which has not been issued). PJF declares that he has no competing interests.

Revisores por pares

Scott Fraser, MD, FRCS (Ed), FRCOphth

Consultant Ophthalmologist

Sunderland Eye Infirmary

Sunderland

UK

Divulgaciones

SF declares that he has no competing interests.

Elias Traboulsi, MD

Professor of Ophthalmology

Director

Center for Genetic Eye Diseases

Cole Eye Institute

Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland

OH

Disclosures

ET declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Comprehensive adult medical eye evaluation PPP. Nov 2020 [internet publication].Full text

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Guidelines on clinical assessment of patients with inherited retinal degenerations - 2022. Oct 2022 [internet publication].Full text

Robson AG, Frishman LJ, Grigg J, et al. ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography (2022 update). Doc Ophthalmol. 2022 Jun;144(3):165-77.Full text  Abstract

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Recommendations for genetic testing of inherited eye diseases. February 2014 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Retinite pigmentosa images
  • Differentials

    • Rubéola congênita
    • Sífilis
    • Deficiência de vitamina A
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Guidelines on clinical assessment of patients with inherited retinal degenerations
    • Pediatric eye evaluations preferred practice pattern
    More Guidelines
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