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Malformação arteriovenosa cerebral

Last reviewed: 20 Aug 2025
Last updated: 17 Mar 2023

Summary

Definition

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • deficit neurológico focal de início súbito
  • convulsões
  • rebaixamento do nível de consciência
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • cefaleia de início súbito
  • náuseas
  • vômitos
  • confusão
  • cefaleias de início gradativo
  • hipertensão
  • coma
  • deficit neurológico focal de início gradual
  • disfunção cognitiva
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • familiar (malformação)
  • hemorragias prévias (risco de hemorragia)
  • abuso de drogas (risco de hemorragia)
  • drenagem venosa anormal (risco de hemorragia)
  • MAVs pequenas (risco de hemorragia)
  • MAVs profundas e na fossa posterior (risco de hemorragia)
  • aneurismas coexistentes (risco de hemorragia)
  • gravidez (risco de hemorragia)
  • hipertensão (risco de hemorragia)
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) cerebral
  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • angiografia digital cerebral por subtração
  • angiotomografia cranioencefálica
  • angiografia por ressonância magnética cerebral
  • Hemograma completo
  • exames de coagulação e grupo sanguíneo
  • painel de eletrólitos
  • análise toxicológica de drogas
  • exames funcionais por imagem
  • Wada superseletivo
  • neuropsicologia
  • estudos de perfusão
  • eletroencefalograma
  • campos visuais
Detalhes completos

Novos exames

  • angiotomografia 4D (ATG)/angiografia por ressonância magnética (ARM)

Algoritmo de tratamento

Inicial

hematoma associado com efeito de massa significativo

AGUDA

não candidato à cirurgia

candidato à cirurgia

gestante

Colaboradores

Autores

Mervyn Lim, MBBS, MRCS, MPH

Senior Resident

Department of Neurosurgery

National University Health System

Singapore

Declarações

ML declares that he has no competing interests.

Leonard Yeo, MBBS, MRCP, MMed, ASN

Senior Consultant

Department of Medicine (Neurology)

National University Health System

Assistant Professor

Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine

National University of SIngapore

Singapore

Declarações

LY declares that he has no competing interests.

Benjamin Tan, MBBS, MRCP, MMed

Associate Consultant

Department of Medicine (Neurology)

National University Health System

Singapore

Declarações

BT declares that he has no competing interests.

Adriel Leong, MBBS, MRCS

Senior Resident

Department of Neurosurgery

National University Health System

Singapore

Disclosures

AL declares that he has no competing interests.

Audrey Tan, BSc Medical Sciences (Hons), MBChB, MRCS

Senior Resident

Department of Neurosurgery

National University Health System

Singapore

Disclosures

AT declares that he has no competing interests.

Pervinder Bhogal, MBBS

Consultant

Department of Radiology

St Bartholomew's and The Royal London Hospital

London

UK

Disclosures

PB declares that he has no competing interests.

Yang Cunli, MBBS, FRCR, MMed, FAMS

Senior Consultant

Department of Diagnostic Imaging

National University Health System

Assistant Professor

Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine

National University of Singapore

Singapore

Disclosures

YC declares that he has no competing interests.

Anil Gopinathan, MBBS, MD, DNB, FRCR, FAMS

Head of Division of Interventional Radiology

Senior Consultant

Department of Diagnostic Imaging

National University Health System

Assistant Professor

Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine

National University of Singapore

Singapore

Disclosures

AG declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Leonard Yeo, Dr Benjamin Tan, Dr Adriel Leong, Dr Audrey Tan, Dr Mervyn Lim, Dr Pervinder Bhogal, Dr Yang Cunli, and Dr Anil Gopinathan would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Charles Matouk, Dr Catherine E. Gilkes, and Dr Richard J. Edwards, previous contributors to this topic, and the additional contribution of Dr Branden Cord and Dr Ryan Hebert.

Disclosures

CM, CEG, and RJE declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Bernhard Meyer, MD

Chairman

Professor of Neurosurgery

Department of Neurosurgery

Technical University of Munich

Munich

Germany

Divulgaciones

BM declares that he has no competing interests.

Michael Chen, MD

Assistant Professor of Neurology

Neurosurgery and Radiology

Rush University Medical Center

Chicago

IL

Divulgaciones

MC declares that he has no competing interests.

Jae H. Choi, MD

Research Director

Stroke Center/The Neurological Institute

Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center

New York

NY

Divulgaciones

JHC declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referencias

Nuestros equipos internos de evidencia y editoriales colaboran con colaboradores expertos internacionales y revisores pares para garantizar que brindemos acceso a la información más clínicamente relevante posible.

Artículos principales

Al-Shahi R, Warlow C. A systematic review of the frequency and prognosis of arteriovenous malformations of the brain in adults. Brain. 2001 Oct;124(Pt 10):1900-26.Texto completo  Resumen

Spetzler RF, Martin NA. A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 1986 Oct;65(4):476-83. Resumen

Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, et al. 2022 Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022 Jul;53(7):e282-361.Texto completo  Resumen

Derdeyn CP, Zipfel GJ, Albuquerque FC, et al. Management of brain arteriovenous malformations: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2017 Aug;48(8):e200-24. Resumen

Zuurbier SM, Al-Shahi Salman R. Interventions for treating brain arteriovenous malformations in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Sep 10;9(9):CD003436.Texto completo  Resumen

Artículos de referencia

Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
  • Malformação arteriovenosa cerebral images
  • Diferenciales

    • Aneurisma cerebral
    • Hemangioma cavernoso
    • Fístula arteriovenosa dural
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  • Guías de práctica clínica

    • Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Clinical practice guidelines for management of brain arteriovenous malformations in eloquent areas
    Más Guías de práctica clínica
  • Folletos para el paciente

    AVC: tratamento

    Más Folletos para el paciente
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