Avaliação de ulceração oral

Última revisão das evidências: 28 Mar 2026
Última atualização do tópico: 03 Feb 2026

Resumo

Differentials

Common

  • Trauma inadvertente
  • Líquen plano
  • Pênfigo
  • Penfigoide de membranas mucosas
  • Carcinoma de células escamosas
  • Estomatite de contato
  • Reação liquenoide oral
  • Estomatite aftosa recorrente
  • Seio dentário intraoral (abscesso dentário)
  • Infecção por vírus do herpes simples (HSV)
  • Herpangina
  • Doença mão-pé-boca
  • Doença de Crohn
  • Colite ulcerativa
  • Doença celíaca
Full details

Uncommon

  • Trauma iatrogênico (procedimento médico ou dentário)
  • Trauma autoprovocado
  • Anemia ferropriva
  • Deficiência de folato
  • Deficiência de vitamina B12
  • Deficiência de vitamina C
  • Estomatite ulcerativa crônica
  • Dermatose linear bolhosa por imunoglobulina A (IgA)
  • Epidermólise bolhosa adquirida
  • Induzida por medicamentos
  • Eritema multiforme
  • Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson e necrólise epidérmica tóxica
  • Doença de Behçet
  • Síndromes de febre periódica
  • Artrite reativa
  • Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico
  • Arterite de células gigantes
  • Granulomatose com poliangiite (anteriormente conhecida como granulomatose de Wegener)
  • Gengivite ulcerativa necrosante
  • Sífilis
  • Gonorreia
  • Tuberculose (TB)
  • Infecção pelo vírus da varicela-zóster (VZV)
  • Infecção por citomegalovírus
  • Mucormicose (antes zigomicose)
  • Aspergilose
  • Histoplasmose
  • Blastomicose
  • Paracoccidioidomicose
  • Mononucleose infecciosa
  • Tumores malignos das glândulas salivares (carcinoma mucoepidermoide e carcinoma adenoide cístico)
  • Linfoma não Hodgkin
  • sarcoma de Kaposi (SK)
  • Melanoma oral
  • Osteonecrose da mandíbula induzida por agentes antirreabsortivos (ARONJ)
  • Varíola símia
Full details

Contributors

Authors

Diana V. Messadi, DDS, MMSc, DMSc

Professor of Dentistry, Chair

UCLA School of Dentistry

Section of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and OroFacial Pain

Los Angeles

CA

Disclosures

DVM declares that she has no competing interests.

Takako I. Tanaka, DDS, FDS RCSEd

Professor of Clinical Oral Medicine

Director of Oral Medicine Postgraduate Program

University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine

Philadelphia

PA

Disclosures

TIT declares that she has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Messadi and Dr Tanaka would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Michaell A. Huber, a previous contributor to this topic.

Disclosures

MAH is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. He lectures extensively on oral medicine-related topics. He has prepared online CE courses for DentalCare.com and online Quality Resource Guide CE courses for Metlife Insurance Company. MAH is a Consultant member of the Dentalcare.com Advisory Board for Proctor and Gamble.

Peer reviewers

Joel J. Napeñas, DDS FDSRCS(Ed)

Clinical Associate Professor

Wake Forest School of Medicine

Director, Oral Medicine Residency

Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center

Winston-Salem

NC

Disclosures

JJN declares that he has no competing interests.

Parham Hazrati, DDS, PgC

University of Michigan School of Dentistry

Ann Arbor

MI

Disclosures

PH declares no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Compilato D, Cirillo N, Termine N, et al. Long-standing oral ulcers: proposal for a new 'S-C-D classification system'. J Oral Pathol Med. 2009 Mar;38(3):241-53. Abstract

Fitzpatrick SG, Cohen DM, Clark AN. Ulcerated lesions of the oral mucosa: clinical and histologic review. Head Neck Pathol. 2019 Mar;13(1):91-102.Full text  Abstract

Tarakji B, Gazal G, Al-Maweri SA, et al. Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis for dental practitioners. J Int Oral Health. 2015 May;7(5):74-80.Full text  Abstract

Zeng X, Jin X, Zhong L, et al. Difficult and complicated oral ulceration: an expert consensus guideline for diagnosis. Int J Oral Sci. 2022 Jun 1;14(1):28.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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