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Doença hepática relacionada ao álcool

Última revisão: 3 Sep 2024
Última atualização: 15 Mar 2024

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • dor abdominal
  • hepatomegalia
  • hematêmese e melena
  • veias acessórias
  • esplenomegalia
  • massa hepática
  • icterícia
  • eritema palmar
  • telangiectasia cutânea
  • asterixis (flapping)
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • ascite
  • perda de peso
  • ganho de peso
  • desnutrição e atrofia
  • anorexia
  • fadiga
  • confusão
  • prurido
  • febre
  • náuseas e vômitos
  • baqueteamento digital
  • Contratura de Dupuytren
  • edema dos membros inferiores
  • aumento da glândula parótida
  • ginecomastia
  • hipogonadismo
  • demência
  • neuropatia periférica
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • consumo de álcool prolongado e em grandes quantidades
  • hepatite C
  • sexo feminino
  • tabagismo
  • obesidade
  • idade >65 anos
  • etnia hispânica
  • predisposição genética
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • aspartato aminotransferase (AST), alanina aminotransferase (ALT) séricas
  • proporção AST/ALT séricas
  • fosfatase alcalina sérica
  • bilirrubina sérica
  • proteína, albumina sérica
  • gama-glutamiltransferase (gama-GT) sérica
  • Hemograma completo
  • eletrólitos, magnésio e fósforo séricos
  • ureia e creatinina séricas
  • tempo de protrombina sérica (PT), INR
  • ultrassonografia hepática
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • sorologia para hepatites virais
  • ferro, ferritina e transferrina séricos
  • cobre na urina (coleta de 24 horas)
  • ceruloplasmina sérica
  • anticorpo antimitocondrial (AAM) sérico
  • anticorpo anti-nuclear (AAN) e anticorpo antimúsculo liso (AAML) séricos
  • nível sérico de alfa 1-antitripsina
  • amônia sérica
  • folato sérico
  • exames não invasivos de elasticidade hepática
  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) abdominal, ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) do abdome
  • biópsia hepática
Detalhes completos

Novos exames

  • teste de transferrina deficiente em carboidrato (TDC) sérica
  • AST mitocondrial sérica
  • Fosfatidiletanol (PEth)

Algoritmo de tratamento

Contínua

todos os pacientes

Colaboradores

Autores

Craig McClain, MD
Craig McClain

Professor

Chief of Research Affairs

Associate Vice President for Health Affairs/Research

Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition

Department of Medicine

University of Louisville School of Medicine

Louisville

KY

Declarações

CM acts as a consultant for Nestlé, Durect, Allergan, Intercept, and DISCUS. He works for the Veterans Administration on a part time basis, has received grants from the NIH and VAMC, and is working on the update of the AGC nutritional guideline..

Luis Marsano, MD
Luis Marsano

Professor and Director of Hepatology

Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition

Department of Medicine

University of Louisville School of Medicine

Louisville

KY

Declarações

LM is on the speaker bureau for Salix (maker of Rifaximin - Xifaxan); Rifaximin is part of the therapy (supported by practice guidelines) of hepatic encephalopathy. He is also on the speaker bureau of Grifols (one of the makers of albumin for intravenous infusion); albumin is used as part of the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (supported by practice guidelines).

Agradecimentos

Dr Craig McClain and Dr Luis Marsano would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Mihir Patel, a previous contributor to this topic.

Declarações

MP declares that he has no competing interests.

Revisores

Lorenzo Leggio, MD, MSc

Postdoctoral Research Associate

Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies

Brown University

Providence

RI

Declarações

LL declares that he has no competing interests.

Nancy Reau, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

University of Chicago

Center for Liver Disease

Chicago

IL

Declarações

NR declares that she has no competing interests.

Nick Sheron, MD, FRCP

Head of Clinical Hepatology and Senior Lecturer

Division of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity

University of Southampton Medical School

Southampton General Hospital NHS Trust

Southampton

UK

Declarações

NS has received research grants from the Medical Research Council (MRC), Wellcome Trust, British Liver Trust, Alcohol Education Research Council, and various other funding bodies. He has undertaken paid consultancy work and received travelling expenses from pharmaceutical companies developing drugs for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and liver disease. He has been paid for medico-legal work in the areas of hepatitis C and alcohol-related liver disease. The following memberships and advisory work are unpaid apart from travelling expenses: EU Alcohol Forum, EU Alcohol Marketing Taskforce, Royal College of Physicians Alcohol Committee, Alcohol Health Alliance UK. NS has undertaken advisory and media work for the UK Department of Health, Home Office, Department of Transport, Cross Cabinet Strategy Committee, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Southampton City Council, UK Police, and British Liver Trust, and various other NGOs, local government, and other bodies. NS is an unpaid trustee of the Drinkaware Trust, an independent body set up by the UK Government to use industry resources to reduce alcohol-related harm. The Trust is funded entirely by the alcohol industry, with a board of trustees comprising 5 industry members, 5 members with alcohol-related health expertise, and 3 lay members.

Alastair MacGilchrist, MD, FRCP

Consultant Hepatologist

Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh

Edinburgh

UK

Declarações

AM declares that he has no competing interests.

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