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Câncer laríngeo

Última revisão das evidências: 4 Mar 2026
Última atualização do tópico: 08 Apr 2025

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • idade >40 anos
  • rouquidão
  • disfagia
  • odinofagia (deglutição dolorosa)
  • linfadenopatia cervical
  • massa supraglótica ou glótica
  • eritroplasia lesional, ulceração, necrose ou sangramento
  • sinais de obstrução das vias aéreas
  • instabilidade hemodinâmica
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • faringite
  • otalgia
  • efusão no ouvido médio
  • estridor
  • perda de peso ou caquexia
  • sofrimento geral
  • massas orofaríngeas ou leucoplasia
  • perda de crepitação laríngea
  • crescimentos na parótida e tireoide
  • murmúrio vesicular diminuído
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • tabagismo
  • uso de álcool >8 unidades/dia
  • história de radioterapia
  • etnia negra
  • sexo masculino
  • displasia das pregas vocais
  • Doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE)
  • acloridria
  • história familiar de câncer laríngeo
  • exposição ao Agente Laranja
  • infecção por papilomavírus humano (HPV)
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) de pescoço com contraste
  • TC de tórax com ou sem contraste
  • RNM com e sem contraste
  • aspiração por agulha fina (AAF) da massa cervical
  • laringoscopia com fibra óptica flexível
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • videoestroboscopia rígida
  • laringoscopia direta e rígida
  • teste de imuno-histoquímica
  • biópsia da laringe
  • PET/TC do corpo inteiro
  • endoscopia de fluorescência
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

glótico ou supraglótico

subglótico

CONTÍNUA

tratamento ineficaz/inadequado

Colaboradores

Autores

Matthew Pierce, MD

Otolaryngologist

Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Division

MedStar Washington Hospital Center

Georgetown University

Washington

DC

Declarações

MP declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimentos

Dr Matthew Pierce would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Scott V. Larson, Dr Hari Deshpande, Dr Elina Kari, Dr Amy Chen, and the late Dr Clarence Sasaki, previous contributors to this topic.

Declarações

SVL, HD, EK, and AC declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores

Alfio Ferlito, MD, DLO, DPath, FRCSEd

Director

Department of Surgical Sciences

Professor and Chairman

ENT Clinic

University of Udine

Udine

Italy

Declarações

AF declares that he has no competing interests.

Steven J. Charous, MD, FACS

Assistant Professor

Department of Otolaryngology

Rush University Medical Center

Chicago

IL

Disclosures

SJC declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: head and neck cancers [internet publication].Full text

Forastiere AA, Ismaila N, Lewin JS, et al. Use of larynx-preservation strategies in the treatment of laryngeal cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Apr 10;36(11):1143-69.Full text  Abstract

American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria: retreatment of recurrent head and neck cancer after prior definitive radiation. 2014 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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