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Câncer laríngeo

Last reviewed: 13 Jul 2025
Last updated: 08 Apr 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • idade >40 anos
  • rouquidão
  • disfagia
  • odinofagia (deglutição dolorosa)
  • linfadenopatia cervical
  • massa supraglótica ou glótica
  • eritroplasia lesional, ulceração, necrose ou sangramento
  • sinais de obstrução das vias aéreas
  • instabilidade hemodinâmica
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • faringite
  • otalgia
  • efusão no ouvido médio
  • estridor
  • perda de peso ou caquexia
  • sofrimento geral
  • massas orofaríngeas ou leucoplasia
  • perda de crepitação laríngea
  • crescimentos na parótida e tireoide
  • murmúrio vesicular diminuído
Full details

Risk factors

  • tabagismo
  • uso de álcool >8 unidades/dia
  • história de radioterapia
  • etnia negra
  • sexo masculino
  • displasia das pregas vocais
  • Doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE)
  • acloridria
  • história familiar de câncer laríngeo
  • exposição ao Agente Laranja
  • infecção por papilomavírus humano (HPV)
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) de pescoço com contraste
  • TC de tórax com ou sem contraste
  • RNM com e sem contraste
  • aspiração por agulha fina (AAF) da massa cervical
  • laringoscopia com fibra óptica flexível
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • videoestroboscopia rígida
  • laringoscopia direta e rígida
  • teste de imuno-histoquímica
  • biópsia da laringe
  • PET/TC do corpo inteiro
  • endoscopia de fluorescência
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

glótico ou supraglótico

subglótico

ONGOING

tratamento ineficaz/inadequado

Contributors

Authors

Matthew Pierce, MD

Otolaryngologist

Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Division

MedStar Washington Hospital Center

Georgetown University

Washington

DC

Disclosures

MP declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Matthew Pierce would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Scott V. Larson, Dr Hari Deshpande, Dr Elina Kari, Dr Amy Chen, and the late Dr Clarence Sasaki, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

SVL, HD, EK, and AC declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Alfio Ferlito, MD, DLO, DPath, FRCSEd

Director

Department of Surgical Sciences

Professor and Chairman

ENT Clinic

University of Udine

Udine

Italy

Disclosures

AF declares that he has no competing interests.

Steven J. Charous, MD, FACS

Assistant Professor

Department of Otolaryngology

Rush University Medical Center

Chicago

IL

Disclosures

SJC declares that he has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: head and neck cancers [internet publication].Full text

Forastiere AA, Ismaila N, Lewin JS, et al. Use of larynx-preservation strategies in the treatment of laryngeal cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Apr 10;36(11):1143-69.Full text  Abstract

American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria: retreatment of recurrent head and neck cancer after prior definitive radiation. 2014 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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