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Câncer orofaríngeo

Última revisão: 20 Jan 2026
Última atualização: 04 Nov 2025

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • faringite
  • nódulo no pescoço
  • massa endurecida ou ulcerada
  • disfagia
  • dor oral
  • perda de peso
  • otalgia
  • trismo
  • placas brancas (leucoplasia) e vermelhas (eritroplasia)
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • infecção por papilomavírus humano (HPV)
  • tabagismo (cigarros de tabaco)
  • bebidas alcoólicas
  • mascar tabaco e noz-de-areca
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • biópsia do sítio primário
  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) de cabeça e pescoço
  • citologia por aspiração com agulha fina (FNAC) dos linfonodos cervicais
  • hibridização in situ para papilomavírus humano (HPV)-16, imuno-histoquímica de p16 ou reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em espécime de biópsia
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) de cabeça e pescoço
  • tomografia computadorizada com emissão de pósitrons (PET-CT) de cabeça e pescoço
  • pan-endoscopia ou endoscopia tripla
  • videodeglutograma modificado
  • biópsia de linfonodos cervicais por excisão
  • DNA do HPV de alto risco no tumor circulante
  • Hemograma completo
  • eletrólitos
  • ureia/nitrogênio no sangue
  • creatinina sérica
  • proteína total
  • albumina
  • pré-albumina
  • TFHs
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

Negativo para papilomavírus humano (HPV)

HPV-positivo

CONTÍNUA

doença recorrente

Colaboradores

Autores

Linda X. Yin, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery

Mayo Clinic Rochester

Rochester

MN

Declarações

LXY declares that she has no competing interests.

Melina J. Windon, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery

University of Kentucky

Lexington

KY

Declarações

MJW declares that she has no competing interests.

Agradecimentos

Dr Linda X. Yin and Dr Melina J. Windon would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Anuraag Parikh, Dr Nam P. Nguyen, Dr Fabio Almeida, and Dr Linda Garland, previous contributors to this topic.

Declarações

AP declares that he has no competing interests. AP's spouse is an employee of and holds stock in Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. LG is on the speakers' bureau for Sanofi-Aventis, maker of Taxotere. NPN is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. FA declares that he has no competing interests.

Revisores

AJ Balm, MD, PhD, FACS, FRCS

Chair Emeritus

Head and Neck Multidisciplinary Cooperative Group

Department of Head & Neck Oncology and Surgery

The Netherlands Cancer Institute

Amsterdam

The Netherlands

Declarações

AJB declares that he has no competing interests.

Andy Trotti, MD

Specialising in Head & Neck Cancer

Director of Clinical Trials

Radiation Oncology

H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute

Tampa

FL

Disclosures

AT is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Hari Deshpande, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Yale Cancer Center

Yale University

New Haven

CT

Disclosures

HD is on the speakers' bureau for Sanofi-Aventis and has received reimbursement for talks given about their product Taxotere.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: head and neck cancers [internet publication].Full text

Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene FL, et al, eds. AJCC cancer staging manual. 8th ed. New York, NY: Springer International Publishing, 2017.

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Câncer orofaríngeo images
  • Differentials

    • Amigdalite
    • Úlcera aftosa
    • Sífilis oral
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: head and neck cancers
    • Radiation therapy for HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Abandono do hábito de fumar

    Faringite

    More Patient information
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