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Síncope neuromediada ou reflexa

Last reviewed: 15 Nov 2025
Last updated: 17 Dec 2024

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • história de desmaios recorrentes
  • ausência de doença cardíaca estrutural
  • fator provocativo
  • náuseas
  • baixo risco para desfechos adversos
  • tontura
  • palidez
  • diaforese
  • diminuição da visão ou audição
  • lesão física
  • fadiga após episódio
  • palpitações
  • bradicardia
  • ausência de história familiar de morte súbita
  • neuralgia
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • síncope prévia
  • história prévia de arritmias, infarto do miocárdio, insuficiência cardíaca ou cardiomiopatia
  • estenose aórtica grave
  • posição ortostática por tempo prolongado
  • estresse emocional (principalmente em um ambiente quente e lotado)
  • desidratação/hipovolemia
  • episódio precedente de náuseas e/ou vômitos
  • episódio precedente de dor intensa
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • eletrocardiograma (ECG) de 12 derivações
  • hemoglobina sérica
  • glicose sanguínea plasmática
  • beta-hCG (gonadotrofina coriônica humana) sérica
  • enzimas cardíacas
  • Nível de dímero D
  • cortisol sérico
  • ureia ou creatinina sérica
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • ecocardiograma
  • teste da mesa inclinável
  • massagem do seio carotídeo (MSC)
  • loop event recorder implantável
  • estudo eletrofisiológico
  • manobra de Valsalva
  • teste ortostático ativo
  • teste pressor ao frio
  • teste da tosse
Todos los datos

Pruebas emergentes

  • teste de adenosina trifosfato (ATP)

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Agudo

desmaio vasovagal

desmaio situacional

síndrome do seio carotídeo

Colaboradores

Autores

Bryant Lin, MD
Bryant Lin

Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine

Division of Primary Care and Population Health

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford

CA

Divulgaciones

BL declares that he has no competing interests.

Paul J. Wang, MD, FACC, FHRS
Paul J. Wang

Professor of Medicine

Stanford Arrhythmia Service

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford

CA

Divulgaciones

PJW receives fellowship support, honoraria, and clinical trial support from Medtronic, which manufactures LINQ, an implantable loop recorder.

Agradecimientos

Dr Bryant Lin and Dr Paul J. Wang would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr David G. Benditt and Dr John T. Nguyen, previous contributors to this topic.

Divulgaciones

DGB has consultant and equity positions: Medtronic Inc., St Jude Medical Inc., Transoma Inc., Cardionet Inc. DGB is also an author of several references cited in this topic. JTN declares that he has no competing interests.

Revisores por pares

Sanjiv Petkar, MBBS, MD, DM (Cardiology), MRCP

Consultant Cardiologist

Hull and East Riding of Yorkshire NHS Trust

Castle Hill Hospital

East Yorkshire

UK

Divulgaciones

SP has received sponsorship in the past from Medtronic, Inc. and St Jude Medical, Inc. for attending conferences. He has received speaker's fees from Medtronic, Inc. In addition, he was in receipt of a research grant from Medtronic, Inc. to the University of Manchester.

Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, MD

Kontos Professor of Cardiology

Medical College of Virginia

Richmond

VA

Divulgaciones

KAE declares that he has no competing interests.

Andrew Parfitt, MBBS, FFAEM

Clinical Director

Acute Medicine

Associate Medical Director

Consultant Emergency Medicine

Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust

Clinical Lead and Consultant

Accident Emergency Medicine

St Thomas' Hospital

London

UK

Divulgaciones

AP declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimiento de los revisores por pares

Los temas de BMJ Best Practice se actualizan de forma continua de acuerdo con los desarrollos en la evidencia y en las guías. Los revisores por pares listados aquí han revisado el contenido al menos una vez durante la historia del tema.

Divulgaciones

Las afiliaciones y divulgaciones de los revisores por pares se refieren al momento de la revisión.

Referencias

Nuestros equipos internos de evidencia y editoriales colaboran con colaboradores expertos internacionales y revisores pares para garantizar que brindemos acceso a la información más clínicamente relevante posible.

Artículos principales

Shen WK, Sheldon RS, Benditt DG, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with syncope: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines, and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm. 2017 Aug;14(8):e155-217.Texto completo  Resumen

Brignole M, Moya A, de Lange FJ, et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2018 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope. Eur Heart J. 2018 Jun 1;39(21):1883-948.Texto completo  Resumen

Moya A, Brignole M, Menozzi C, et al; International Study on Syncope of Uncertain Etiology (ISSUE) Investigators. Mechanism of syncope in patients with isolated syncope and in patients with tilt-positive syncope. Circulation. 2001 Sep 11;104(11):1261-7.Texto completo  Resumen

Sandhu RK, Raj SR, Manlucu J, et al; Primary Writing Committee. Canadian Cardiovascular Society clinical practice update on the assessment and management of syncope. Can J Cardiol. 2020 Aug;36(8):1167-77.Texto completo  Resumen

Reed MJ, Newby DE, Coull AJ, et al. The ROSE (risk stratification of syncope in the emergency department) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Feb 23;55(8):713-21.Texto completo  Resumen

Benditt DG, Ferguson DW, Grubb BP, et al. Tilt table testing for assessing syncope. American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996 Jul;28(1):263-75. Resumen

Raviele A, Giada F, Menozzi C, et al; Vasovagal Syncope and Pacing Trial Investigators. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of permanent cardiac pacing for the treatment of recurrent tilt-induced vasovagal syncope. The Vasovagal Syncope and Pacing Trial (SYNPACE). Eur Heart J. 2004 Oct;25(19):1741-8.Texto completo  Resumen

Artículos de referencia

Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
  • Differentials

    • Síncope ortostática (síndromes de síncope por intolerância ortostática ou postural)
    • Bradicardia
    • Bradicardia: distúrbios da condução AV
    Más Diferenciales
  • Guidelines

    • Transient loss of consciousness ('blackouts') in over 16s
    • Recommendations for tilt table testing and other provocative cardiovascular autonomic tests in conditions that may cause transient loss of consciousness
    Más Guidelines
  • Patient information

    AVC causado por um coágulo sanguíneo: prevenção de um novo AVC

    Fibrilação atrial: quais são as opções de tratamento?

    More Patient information
  • Calculators

    San Francisco Syncope Rule TreeCalc

    Escore ROSE: estratificação de risco de síncope no pronto-socorro

    More Calculators
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