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Profilaxia para tromboembolismo venoso

Última revisión: 16 Aug 2025
Última actualización: 28 Oct 2024

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • tromboembolismo venoso prévio, trombofilia, malignidade, quadro pós-operatório, trauma e cateter de demora central
  • afecções clínicas crônicas, paresia, idade avançada, obesidade, pílulas contraceptivas contendo estrogênio e terapia de reposição hormonal, veias varicosas, gravidez e pós-parto de até 6 semanas, parente de primeiro grau com história de tromboembolismo venoso, viagens prolongadas e internação em unidade de terapia intensiva
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • tromboembolismo venoso prévio (trombose venosa profunda (TVP) e/ou embolia pulmonar (EP))
  • trombofilia
  • neoplasia maligna
  • quadro pós-operatório
  • trauma
  • cateter de demora central (membro superior ou inferior)
  • imobilidade
  • doenças mieloproliferativas
  • insuficiência cardíaca congestiva
  • doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica
  • doença inflamatória intestinal (DII)
  • doença neurológica com paresia de membro
  • idade mais avançada
  • obesidade
  • pílulas anticoncepcionais contendo estrogênio, terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH) e terapia de privação androgênica
  • história de veias varicosas
  • gestação/pós-parto
  • viagens longas
  • imobilidade da perna
  • parente de primeiro grau com história de tromboembolismo venoso
  • internação em unidade de terapia intensiva
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • Hemograma completo
  • creatinina sérica
  • razão normalizada internacional (INR)
  • tempo de tromboplastina parcial (TTP)
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • anticorpos anti-fator 4 plaquetário séricos
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Inicial

todos os pacientes com risco

Agudo

pacientes com trauma

pacientes cirúrgicos

pacientes com afecções não cirúrgicas

Colaboradores

Autores

Anna L. Parks, MD

Assistant Professor

Division of Hematology

University of Utah

Salt Lake City

UT

Divulgaciones

ALP declares that she has no competing interests.

Agradecimientos

Dr Anna L. Parks would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Nathalie Routhier, Dr Vicky Tagalakis, Dr Farah Zarka, Dr Vincent Bouchard-Dechêne, and Dr Adi J. Klil-Drori, previous contributors to this topic.

Divulgaciones

NR, FZ, VBD, and AJKD declare no competing interests. VT has received honoraria from BMS Pfizer and Bayer. She has developed educational materials for Thrombosis Canada. VT is an author of references cited in this topic.

Revisores por pares

Andrew Parfitt, MBBS, FFAEM

Clinical Director

Acute Medicine

Associate Medical Director

Consultant Emergency Medicine

Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust

Clinical Lead and Consultant

Accident Emergency Medicine

St Thomas' Hospital

London

UK

Divulgaciones

AP declares that he has no competing interests.

Sudeep Shivakumar, MD

Hematologist

Thrombosis Fellow

University of Ottawa

Ottawa Health Research Institute

Ottawa

Canada

Divulgaciones

SS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referencias

Nuestros equipos internos de evidencia y editoriales colaboran con colaboradores expertos internacionales y revisores pares para garantizar que brindemos acceso a la información más clínicamente relevante posible.

Artículos principales

Gould MK, Garcia DA, Wren SM, et al. Prevention of VTE in nonorthopedic surgical patients: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(suppl 2):e227S-77S.Texto completo  Resumen

Falck-Ytter Y, Francis CW, Johanson NA, et al. Prevention of VTE in orthopedic surgery patients: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(2 Suppl):e278S-325.Texto completo  Resumen

Kahn SR, Lim W, Dunn AS, et al. Prevention of VTE in nonsurgical patients: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141 (2 Suppl):e195S-226S.Texto completo  Resumen

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Venous thromboembolism in over 16s: reducing the risk of hospital-acquired deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Aug 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

Nicolaides AN, Fareed J, Spyropoulos AC, et al. Prevention and management of venous thromboembolism. International consensus statement (guidelines according to scientific evidence). Int Angiol. 2024 Feb;43(1):1-222.Texto completo

Artículos de referencia

Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
  • Guías de práctica clínica

    • NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: cancer-associated venous thromboembolic disease
    • Clinical practice guidelines for the reduction of venous thromboembolic disease in colorectal surgery
    Más Guías de práctica clínica
  • Folletos para el paciente

    Trombose venosa profunda e viagens de longa distância

    Trombose venosa profunda

    Más Folletos para el paciente
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