Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥95º percentil
- peso por altura ≥ percentil 95
Other diagnostic factors
- aumento da relação cintura-quadril
- hipertensão
Risk factors
- pais com obesidade
- rápido ganho de peso na infância
- rápido ganho de peso no começo da infância
- etnia negra não hispânica ou hispânica
- status socioeconômico desfavorável
- estilo de vida sedentário
- restrição do crescimento intrauterino
- diabetes gestacional
- dieta rica em alimentos industrializados, fast food e bebidas com grande teor de açúcar
- tempo em frente à tela >2-3 horas/dia
- privação de sono
- exposição a corticosteroides, antibióticos ou medicamentos para supressão ácida
- ambiente urbano
- tabagismo materno durante a gestação
- consumo materno de alimentos ultraprocessados
Diagnostic tests
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- diagnóstico clínico
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- glicemia de jejum
- lipídios séricos
- testes da função hepática
Pruebas emergentes
- absorciometria por dupla emissão de raios X (DXA)
- análise de impedância elétrica
- ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) ou tomografia computadorizada (TC) abdominal
Algoritmo de tratamiento
índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥85º ao 94º percentil (sobrepeso)
índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥95º percentil (obesidade) ou IMC ≥120% do 95º percentil (obesidade grave)
Colaboradores
Autores
Dianne Deplewski, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology
Program Director
Pediatric Endocrinology Fellowship Program
University of Chicago
Chicago
IL
Divulgaciones
DD declares that she has no competing interests.
Agradecimientos
We would like to acknowledge our Paediatric expert panel member, Dr Michael Cabana, for his contribution to this topic. MDC declares that he has served as a consultant and editor for McGraw Hill and Elsevier.
Revisores por pares
Eric M. Bomberg, MD, MAS
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Associate Director for Research Informatics, Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine
Division of Endocrinology and Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine
University of Minnesota Medical School
Minneapolis
MN
Divulgaciones
EMB declares that he has been a site principal investigator and site co-investigator for Novo Nordisk. EMB's research program is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).
Steven S. Rothenberg, MD
Chief of Pediatric Surgery
The Mother and Child Hospital
Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery
University of Colorado
Denver
CO
Divulgaciones
SSR declares that he has no competing interests.
Seema Kumar, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Mayo Clinic
Rochester
MN
Divulgaciones
SK declares that she has no competing interests.
Peter Bundred, MBBS, MD
Honorary Research Fellow
Department of Health Services Research
Institute of Psychology, Health and Society
University of Liverpool
Liverpool
UK
Divulgaciones
PB declares that he has no competing interests.
Agradecimiento de los revisores por pares
Los temas de BMJ Best Practice se actualizan de forma continua de acuerdo con los desarrollos en la evidencia y en las guías. Los revisores por pares listados aquí han revisado el contenido al menos una vez durante la historia del tema.
Divulgaciones
Las afiliaciones y divulgaciones de los revisores por pares se refieren al momento de la revisión.
Referencias
Artículos principales
Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics. 2023 Feb 1;151(2):e2022060640.Texto completo Resumen
Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, et al. Executive summary: clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics. 2023 Feb 1;151(2):2022060641.Texto completo Resumen
Styne DM, Arslanian SA, Connor EL, et al. Pediatric obesity - assessment, treatment, and prevention: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. JCEM. 2017 Mar 1;102(3):709-57.Texto completo Resumen
US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Dietary guidelines for Americans 2020-2025. 9th ed. Dec 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo
Artículos de referencia
Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.

Diferenciales
- Hipotireoidismo primário
- Hipotireoidismo secundário
- Síndrome de Cushing
Más DiferencialesGuidelines
- Obesity: identification, assessment and management
- Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity
Más GuidelinesPatient information
Problemas de peso em crianças
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