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Obesidade em crianças

Last reviewed: 20 Aug 2025
Last updated: 23 May 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥95º percentil
  • peso por altura ≥ percentil 95
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • aumento da relação cintura-quadril
  • hipertensão
Full details

Risk factors

  • pais com obesidade
  • rápido ganho de peso na infância
  • rápido ganho de peso no começo da infância
  • etnia negra não hispânica ou hispânica
  • status socioeconômico desfavorável
  • estilo de vida sedentário
  • restrição do crescimento intrauterino
  • diabetes gestacional
  • dieta rica em alimentos industrializados, fast food e bebidas com grande teor de açúcar
  • tempo em frente à tela >2-3 horas/dia
  • privação de sono
  • exposição a corticosteroides, antibióticos ou medicamentos para supressão ácida
  • ambiente urbano
  • tabagismo materno durante a gestação
  • consumo materno de alimentos ultraprocessados
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • diagnóstico clínico
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • glicemia de jejum
  • lipídios séricos
  • testes da função hepática
Full details

Emerging tests

  • absorciometria por dupla emissão de raios X (DXA)
  • análise de impedância elétrica
  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) ou tomografia computadorizada (TC) abdominal

Treatment algorithm

ONGOING

índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥85º ao 94º percentil (sobrepeso)

índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥95º percentil (obesidade) ou IMC ≥120% do 95º percentil (obesidade grave)

Contributors

Authors

Dianne Deplewski, MD

Associate Professor of Pediatrics

Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology

Program Director

Pediatric Endocrinology Fellowship Program

University of Chicago

Chicago

IL

Disclosures

DD declares that she has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge our Paediatric expert panel member, Dr Michael Cabana, for his contribution to this topic. MDC declares that he has served as a consultant and editor for McGraw Hill and Elsevier.

Peer reviewers

Eric M. Bomberg, MD, MAS

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics

Associate Director for Research Informatics, Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine

Division of Endocrinology and Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine

University of Minnesota Medical School

Minneapolis

MN

利益声明

EMB declares that he has been a site principal investigator and site co-investigator for Novo Nordisk. EMB's research program is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

Steven S. Rothenberg, MD

Chief of Pediatric Surgery

The Mother and Child Hospital

Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery

University of Colorado

Denver

CO

利益声明

SSR declares that he has no competing interests.

Seema Kumar, MD

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics

Mayo Clinic

Rochester

MN

利益声明

SK declares that she has no competing interests.

Peter Bundred, MBBS, MD

Honorary Research Fellow

Department of Health Services Research

Institute of Psychology, Health and Society

University of Liverpool

Liverpool

UK

利益声明

PB declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics. 2023 Feb 1;151(2):e2022060640.全文  摘要

Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, et al. Executive summary: clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics. 2023 Feb 1;151(2):2022060641.全文  摘要

Styne DM, Arslanian SA, Connor EL, et al. Pediatric obesity - assessment, treatment, and prevention: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. JCEM. 2017 Mar 1;102(3):709-57.全文  摘要

US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Dietary guidelines for Americans 2020-2025. 9th ed. Dec 2020 [internet publication].全文

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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