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Obesidade em crianças

Last reviewed: 21 Jan 2026
Last updated: 23 May 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥95º percentil
  • peso por altura ≥ percentil 95
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • aumento da relação cintura-quadril
  • hipertensão
Full details

Risk factors

  • pais com obesidade
  • rápido ganho de peso na infância
  • rápido ganho de peso no começo da infância
  • etnia negra não hispânica ou hispânica
  • status socioeconômico desfavorável
  • estilo de vida sedentário
  • restrição do crescimento intrauterino
  • diabetes gestacional
  • dieta rica em alimentos industrializados, fast food e bebidas com grande teor de açúcar
  • tempo em frente à tela >2-3 horas/dia
  • privação de sono
  • exposição a corticosteroides, antibióticos ou medicamentos para supressão ácida
  • ambiente urbano
  • tabagismo materno durante a gestação
  • consumo materno de alimentos ultraprocessados
Full details

Diagnostic tests

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • diagnóstico clínico
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • glicemia de jejum
  • lipídios séricos
  • testes da função hepática
Todos los datos

Pruebas emergentes

  • absorciometria por dupla emissão de raios X (DXA)
  • análise de impedância elétrica
  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) ou tomografia computadorizada (TC) abdominal

Algoritmo de tratamiento

En curso

índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥85º ao 94º percentil (sobrepeso)

índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥95º percentil (obesidade) ou IMC ≥120% do 95º percentil (obesidade grave)

Colaboradores

Autores

Dianne Deplewski, MD

Associate Professor of Pediatrics

Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology

Program Director

Pediatric Endocrinology Fellowship Program

University of Chicago

Chicago

IL

Divulgaciones

DD declares that she has no competing interests.

Agradecimientos

We would like to acknowledge our Paediatric expert panel member, Dr Michael Cabana, for his contribution to this topic. MDC declares that he has served as a consultant and editor for McGraw Hill and Elsevier.

Revisores por pares

Eric M. Bomberg, MD, MAS

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics

Associate Director for Research Informatics, Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine

Division of Endocrinology and Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine

University of Minnesota Medical School

Minneapolis

MN

Divulgaciones

EMB declares that he has been a site principal investigator and site co-investigator for Novo Nordisk. EMB's research program is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

Steven S. Rothenberg, MD

Chief of Pediatric Surgery

The Mother and Child Hospital

Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery

University of Colorado

Denver

CO

Divulgaciones

SSR declares that he has no competing interests.

Seema Kumar, MD

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics

Mayo Clinic

Rochester

MN

Divulgaciones

SK declares that she has no competing interests.

Peter Bundred, MBBS, MD

Honorary Research Fellow

Department of Health Services Research

Institute of Psychology, Health and Society

University of Liverpool

Liverpool

UK

Divulgaciones

PB declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimiento de los revisores por pares

Los temas de BMJ Best Practice se actualizan de forma continua de acuerdo con los desarrollos en la evidencia y en las guías. Los revisores por pares listados aquí han revisado el contenido al menos una vez durante la historia del tema.

Divulgaciones

Las afiliaciones y divulgaciones de los revisores por pares se refieren al momento de la revisión.

Referencias

Nuestros equipos internos de evidencia y editoriales colaboran con colaboradores expertos internacionales y revisores pares para garantizar que brindemos acceso a la información más clínicamente relevante posible.

Artículos principales

Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics. 2023 Feb 1;151(2):e2022060640.Texto completo  Resumen

Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, et al. Executive summary: clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics. 2023 Feb 1;151(2):2022060641.Texto completo  Resumen

Styne DM, Arslanian SA, Connor EL, et al. Pediatric obesity - assessment, treatment, and prevention: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. JCEM. 2017 Mar 1;102(3):709-57.Texto completo  Resumen

US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Dietary guidelines for Americans 2020-2025. 9th ed. Dec 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

Artículos de referencia

Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
  • Obesidade em crianças images
  • Diferenciales

    • Hipotireoidismo primário
    • Hipotireoidismo secundário
    • Síndrome de Cushing
    Más Diferenciales
  • Guidelines

    • Obesity: identification, assessment and management
    • Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity
    Más Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Problemas de peso em crianças

    More Patient information
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