Acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isquêmico

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Last reviewed: 12 Dec 2025
Last updated: 16 Jul 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • fraqueza unilateral ou paralisia na face, braço ou perna
  • disfasia
  • ataxia
  • distúrbio visual
  • fatores de risco
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • perda sensorial (dormência)
  • disartria
  • cefaleia
  • paresia da mirada
  • arritmias, sopros ou edema pulmonar
  • vertigem
  • náuseas e/ou vômitos
  • dor cervical ou facial
  • miose, ptose e anidrose facial (hemilateral)
  • diminuição do nível de consciência ou coma
Full details

Risk factors

  • idade avançada
  • história familiar de AVC
  • história de AVC isquêmico ou AIT
  • hipertensão
  • tabagismo
  • diabetes mellitus
  • fibrilação atrial
  • comorbidades cardíacas
  • estenose da artéria carótida
  • doença falciforme
  • dislipidemia
  • níveis mais baixos de educação
  • grupos étnicos negros ou do sul da Ásia
  • nutrição e dieta deficientes
  • sedentarismo
  • obesidade
  • transtornos decorrentes do uso de bebidas alcoólicas
  • terapia contendo estrogênio
  • apneia obstrutiva do sono
  • uso de substâncias ilícitas
  • enxaqueca
  • hiper-homocisteinemia
  • lipoproteína(a) elevada
  • estados hipercoaguláveis
  • proteína C-reativa elevada
  • placas no arco aórtico
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • TC de crânio sem contraste
  • glicose sérica
  • eletrólitos séricos
  • ureia e creatinina séricas
  • enzimas cardíacas
  • Hemograma completo
  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
  • tempo de protrombina e TTP (com INR)
Full details

Tests to consider

  • análise toxicológica sérica
  • RNM dop crânio
  • Angiotomografia
  • Imagem ponderada por perfusão de TC ou RNM
  • ultrassonografia de carótidas
  • ecocardiograma
Full details

Treatment algorithm

INITIAL

suspeita de AVC isquêmico

ACUTE

AVC isquêmico confirmado

Contributors

Expert advisers

Matthew Jones, MD, FRCP

Consultant Neurologist

Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences

Northern Care Alliance

Honorary Senior Lecturer

University of Manchester

Manchester

UK

Disclosures

MJ is the chair of the Association of British Neurologists Education Committee (unpaid position). MJ is a faculty member of an MRCP revision course. MJ has received honoraria from Eisai for educational talks.

Rachael Power, MBChB, MRCP

Neurology Registrar

Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences

Manchester

UK

Disclosures

RP has been sponsored by Novartis to attend the International Headache Conference.

Acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributor for this topic, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:

George Ntaios, MD, MSc (ESO Stroke Medicine), PhD, FESO

Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine

Medical School

University of Thessaly

Greece

Disclosures

GN is on the advisory boards for, and has received honoraria, speaker fees, and research support from: Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, BMS/Pfizer, Elpen, Galenica, Medtronic, Sanofi, and Winmedica.

Peer reviewers

Kayvan Khadjooi, MD, FRCP, PGCertMedEd

Consultant in Stroke Medicine

Addenbrooke’s Hospital

Associate Lecturer

School of Clinical Medicine

University of Cambridge

Cambridge

UK

Disclosures

KK has received travel grants for conferences/speaker honoraria from Bayer, Boehringer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Pfizer, and Shire.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Royal College of Physicians; Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network; Royal College of Physicians of Ireland. National clinical guideline for stroke for the United Kingdom and Ireland. Apr 2023 [internet publication].Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management. Apr 2022 [internet publication].Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Mechanical clot retrieval for treating acute ischaemic stroke. Feb 2016 [internet publication].Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Alteplase for treating acute ischaemic stroke. Sep 2012 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isquêmico images
  • Diagnósticos diferenciais

    • Hemorragia intracerebral
    • Ataque isquêmico transitório (AIT)
    • Encefalopatia hipertensiva
    Mais Diagnósticos diferenciais
  • Diretrizes

    • National clinical guideline for stroke for the United Kingdom and Ireland
    • Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management
    Mais Diretrizes
  • Calculadoras

    Escore de AVC do NIH

    Escala de coma de Glasgow

    Mais Calculadoras
  • Videos

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    Ventilação com ressuscitador manual ("bolsa-válvula-máscara") - Vídeo de demonstração

    Mais vídeos
  • Patient information

    AVC causado por um coágulo sanguíneo: prevenção de um novo AVC

    AVC: tratamento

    More Patient information
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