Summary
Differentials
Common
- Síndrome do túnel do carpo
- Neuropatia ulnar no cotovelo
- Neuropatia fibular (peroneal)
- Meralgia parestésica
- Radiculopatia cervical
- Radiculopatia torácica
- Radiculopatia lombossacral
- Compressão da medula espinhal
- Esclerose múltipla
- Polineuropatia simétrica distal (PSD)
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hipotireoidismo
- Deficiência de vitamina B1
- Deficiência ou excesso de vitamina B6
- Deficiência de vitamina B12
- Deficiência de vitamina E
- Toxicidade medicamentosa
- Neuropatia alcoólica
- Acidente vascular cerebral (AVC)/ataque isquêmico transitório
- Enxaqueca com aura
- Doença vascular periférica
- Ataque de pânico com hiperventilação
- Doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT)
- Neuropatia autonômica e sensorial hereditária (NASH)
- Neuropatia hereditária com predisposição a paralisias por pressão (NHPP)
Uncommon
- Plexopatia braquial
- Plexopatia lombossacral
- Neuropatia tibial
- Neuropatia do trigêmeo
- Encefalomielite desmielinizante aguda
- Polineuropatia desmielinizante inflamatória aguda (PDIA)
- Polineuropatia desmielinizante inflamatória crônica (PDIC)
- Polirradiculopatia sensorial desmielinizante inflamatória crônica
- Uremia
- Hipocalcemia
- Deficiência de cobre
- Envenenamento por metais pesados
- Irradiação
- Exposição a hexanos
- Envenenamento por ciguatera e saxitoxina
- Neuropatia pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)
- Hanseníase (lepra)
- Infecção por herpes simples
- Neurossífilis
- Infecção por herpes-zóster
- Doença de Lyme
- Transtornos neurológicos funcionais e de sintomas somáticos
- Erros inatos do metabolismo
- Artrite reumatoide
- Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico
- Síndrome de Churg-Strauss
- Granulomatose com poliangiite (anteriormente conhecida como granulomatose de Wegener)
- Poliarterite nodosa
- Poliangiite microscópica
- Síndrome de Sjögren
- Sarcoidose
- Produção de proteína monoclonal
- Convulsões focais
- Neuropatia sensorial paraneoplásica ou ganglionopatia
- Linfoma intravascular
- Doença de Neuro-Behçet
- Neurite sensorial migratória de Wartenberg
- Síndrome do queixo dormente
- Neuropatia periférica após cirurgia bariátrica
- Notalgia parestésica
- Distúrbio do espectro da neuromielite óptica (doença de Devic)
- Neuropatia periférica de antiglicoproteínas associadas à mielina (anti-MAG)
- Hipertrigliceridemia
- Vírus linfotrópico humano de células T (HTLV)
Contributors
Authors
Nigel Ashworth, MBChB, MSc, FRCP(Can)
Professor
Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry
University of Alberta
Edmonton
Canada
Disclosures
NA declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Nigel Ashworth would like to gratefully acknowledge the late Dr Caroline M. Klein for her contribution to this topic.
Disclosures
CMK authored a number of references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Richard W. Orrell, BSc, MD, FRCP
Senior Lecturer and Consultant Neurologist
Department of Clinical Neuroscience
UCL Institute of Neurology
London
UK
Disclosures
RWO declares that he has no competing interests.
Brian Christopher Callaghan, MD, MS
Professor of Neurology
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor
MI
Disclosures
Research contracts from AAN and editorial support. Dynamed consultant.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
England JD, Gronseth GS, Franklin G, et al. Practice parameter: evaluation of distal symmetric polyneuropathy: role of laboratory and genetic testing (an evidence-based review). Report of the American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Neurology. 2009 Jan 13;72(2):185-92.Full text Abstract
Jacoby N, Anziska Y. A practical approach to diagnosing peripheral neuropathies. Semin Neurol. 2025 Feb;45(1):4-12.Full text Abstract
England JD, Franklin G, Gjorvad G, et al. Quality improvement in neurology: distal symmetric polyneuropathy quality measures. Neurology. 2014 May 13;82(19):1745-8.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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