Summary
Differentials
Common
- Ataque isquêmico transitório
- Acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isquêmico
- AVC hemorrágico
- Lesão cerebral traumática
- Esclerose múltipla
- Hipoglicemia
- Paralisia focal de nervo
- Paresia de Todd (paralisia pós-ictal)
- Distúrbios do sono
Uncommon
- Hematoma subdural
- Hemorragia subaracnoide (HSA)
- Hematomielia
- Trauma da coluna toracolombar
- Trauma da coluna cervical
- Encefalite
- Abscesso cerebral
- Vírus Coxsackie
- Vírus do Nilo Ocidental (VNO)
- Difteria
- Poliovírus
- Síndrome de Guillain-Barré (GBS)
- Miastenia gravis (MG)
- Vasculite
- Mielite transversa (MT)
- Miopatia inflamatória idiopática
- Hipocalemia aguda
- Porfiria aguda intermitente (PAI)
- Paralisia periódica
- Síndrome lateral amiotrófica
- Distrofias musculares
- Doenças do armazenamento lisossomal hereditárias comuns
- Doença de depósito de glicogênio tipo 1 (DDG 1)
- Miopatias induzidas por medicamentos
- Neuropatia induzida por medicamentos
- Disfunção induzida por toxinas
- Síndrome compartimental
- Tumor cerebral
- Compressão da medula espinhal
- Hidrocefalia
- Paralisia de Bell
- Transtorno neurológico funcional
Contributors
Authors
Kenneth F. Casey, MD, FACS

Clinical Associate Professor PM&R
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit
MI
Disclosures
KFC declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Cory Toth, BSc, MD, FRCP(C)
Assistant Professor of Neurosciences
Hotchkiss Brain Institute
University of Calgary
Alberta
Canada
Disclosures
CT declares that he has no competing interests.
Sabrina Ravaglia, MD, PhD
Staff Physician
Department of Neurological Sciences
Institute of Neurology C. Mondino
Pavia
Italy
Disclosures
SR declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019 Dec;50(12):e344-418.Full text Abstract
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Royal College of Physicians. National clinical guideline for stroke for the United Kingdom and Ireland. Apr 2023 [internet publication].Full text
American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: cerebrovascular disease. 2016 [internet publication].Full text
Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, et al. 2022 Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022 Jul;53(7):e282-361.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Guidelines
- National Clinical Guideline for Stroke for the United Kingdom and Ireland
- 2022 Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
More GuidelinesPatient information
Esclerose múltipla
More Patient informationVideos
Punção lombar diagnóstica em adultos: demonstração animada
More videosLog in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer